diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aae7f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+compile_commands.json
+.clang-format
+experiment/
diff --git a/include/ss/converter.hpp b/include/ss/converter.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c20a458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ss/converter.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "extract.hpp"
+#include "function_traits.hpp"
+#include "restrictions.hpp"
+#include "type_traits.hpp"
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ss {
+INIT_HAS_METHOD(tied);
+INIT_HAS_METHOD(ss_valid);
+INIT_HAS_METHOD(error);
+
+////////////////
+// replace validator
+////////////////
+
+// replace 'validator' types with elements they operate on
+// eg. no_validator_tup_t<int, ss::nx<char, 'A', 'B'>> <=> std::tuple<int, char>
+// where ss::nx<char, 'A', 'B'> is a validator '(n)one e(x)cept' which
+// checks if the returned character is either 'A' or 'B', returns error if not
+// additionaly if one element is left in the pack, it will be unwraped from
+// the tuple eg. no_void_validator_tup_t<int> <=> int instead of std::tuple<int>
+template <typename T, typename U = void>
+struct no_validator;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct no_validator<T, typename std::enable_if_t<has_m_ss_valid_t<T>>> {
+        using type = typename member_wrapper<decltype(&T::ss_valid)>::arg_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct no_validator {
+        using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using no_validator_t = typename no_validator<T>::type;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct no_validator_tup {
+        using type =
+            typename apply_trait<no_validator, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct no_validator_tup<std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+        using type = typename no_validator_tup<Ts...>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct no_validator_tup<std::tuple<T>> {
+        using type = no_validator_t<T>;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using no_validator_tup_t = typename no_validator_tup<Ts...>::type;
+
+////////////////
+// no void tuple
+////////////////
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct no_void_tup {
+        using type =
+            typename filter_not<std::is_void, no_validator_tup_t<Ts...>>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using no_void_tup_t = filter_not_t<std::is_void, Ts...>;
+
+////////////////
+// no void or validator
+////////////////
+
+// replace 'validators' and remove void from tuple
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct no_void_validator_tup {
+        using type = no_validator_tup_t<no_void_tup_t<Ts...>>;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using no_void_validator_tup_t = typename no_void_validator_tup<Ts...>::type;
+
+////////////////
+// tied class
+////////////////
+
+// check if parameter pack is only one element which is a class and has
+// the 'tied' method which is to be used for type deduction when converting
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct tied_class {
+        constexpr static bool value =
+            (sizeof...(Ts) == 0 && std::is_class_v<T> && has_m_tied<T>::value);
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+constexpr bool tied_class_v = tied_class<Ts...>::value;
+
+////////////////
+// converter
+////////////////
+
+class converter {
+        using string_range = std::pair<const char*, const char*>;
+        using split_input = std::vector<string_range>;
+        constexpr static auto default_delimiter = ',';
+
+    public:
+        // parses line with given delimiter, returns a 'T' object created with
+        // extracted values of type 'Ts'
+        template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+        T convert_struct(const char* const line,
+                         const std::string& delim = "") {
+                return to_struct<T>(convert<Ts...>(line, delim));
+        }
+
+        // parses line with given delimiter, returns tuple of objects with
+        // extracted values of type 'Ts'
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        no_void_validator_tup_t<Ts...> convert(const char* const line,
+                                               const std::string& delim = "") {
+                input_ = split(line, delim);
+                return convert<Ts...>(input_);
+        }
+
+        // parses already split line, returns 'T' object with extracted values
+        template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+        T convert_struct(const split_input& elems) {
+                return to_struct<T>(convert<Ts...>(elems));
+        }
+
+        // parses already split line, returns either a tuple of objects with
+        // parsed values (returns raw element (no tuple) if Ts is empty), or if
+        // one argument is given which is a class which has a tied
+        // method which returns a tuple, returns that type
+        template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+        no_void_validator_tup_t<T, Ts...> convert(const split_input& elems) {
+                if constexpr (tied_class_v<T, Ts...>) {
+                        using arg_ref_tuple =
+                            typename std::result_of_t<decltype (&T::tied)(T)>;
+
+                        using arg_tuple =
+                            typename apply_trait<std::decay,
+                                                 arg_ref_tuple>::type;
+
+                        return to_struct<T>(
+                            convert_impl(elems, (arg_tuple*){}));
+                } else {
+                        return convert_impl<T, Ts...>(elems);
+                }
+        }
+
+        bool valid() const {
+                return error_.empty();
+        }
+
+        const std::string& error() const {
+                return error_;
+        }
+
+        // 'splits' string by given delimiter, returns vector of pairs which
+        // contain the beginings and the ends of each column of the string
+        const split_input& split(const char* const line,
+                                 const std::string& delim = "") {
+                input_.clear();
+                if (line[0] == '\0') {
+                        return input_;
+                }
+
+                switch (delim.size()) {
+                case 0:
+                        return split_impl(line, ',');
+                case 1:
+                        return split_impl(line, delim[0]);
+                default:
+                        return split_impl(line, delim, delim.size());
+                };
+        }
+
+    private:
+        ////////////////
+        // error
+        ////////////////
+
+        std::string error_sufix(const string_range msg, size_t pos) const {
+                std::string error;
+                error.reserve(32);
+                error.append("at column ")
+                    .append(std::to_string(pos + 1))
+                    .append(": \'")
+                    .append(msg.first, msg.second)
+                    .append("\'");
+                return error;
+        }
+
+        void set_error_invalid_conversion(const string_range msg, size_t pos) {
+                error_.clear();
+                error_.append("invalid conversion for parameter ")
+                    .append(error_sufix(msg, pos));
+        }
+
+        void set_error_validate(const char* const error, const string_range msg,
+                                size_t pos) {
+                error_.clear();
+                error_.append(error).append(" ").append(error_sufix(msg, pos));
+        }
+
+        void set_error_number_of_colums(size_t expected_pos, size_t pos) {
+                error_.append("invalid number of columns, expected: ")
+                    .append(std::to_string(expected_pos))
+                    .append(", got: ")
+                    .append(std::to_string(pos));
+        }
+
+        ////////////////
+        // convert implementation
+        ////////////////
+
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        no_void_validator_tup_t<Ts...> convert_impl(const split_input& elems) {
+                error_.clear();
+                no_void_validator_tup_t<Ts...> ret{};
+                if (sizeof...(Ts) != elems.size()) {
+                        set_error_number_of_colums(sizeof...(Ts), elems.size());
+                        return ret;
+                }
+                return extract_tuple<Ts...>(elems);
+        }
+
+        // do not know how to specialize by return type :(
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        no_void_validator_tup_t<std::tuple<Ts...>> convert_impl(
+            const split_input& elems, const std::tuple<Ts...>*) {
+                return convert_impl<Ts...>(elems);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////
+        // substring
+        ////////////////
+
+        template <typename Delim>
+        const split_input& split_impl(const char* const line, Delim delim,
+                                      size_t delim_size = 1) {
+                auto range = substring(line, delim);
+                input_.push_back(range);
+                while (range.second[0] != '\0') {
+                        range = substring(range.second + delim_size, delim);
+                        input_.push_back(range);
+                }
+                return input_;
+        }
+
+        bool no_match(const char* end, char delim) const {
+                return *end != delim;
+        }
+
+        bool no_match(const char* end, const std::string& delim) const {
+                return strncmp(end, delim.c_str(), delim.size()) != 0;
+        }
+
+        template <typename Delim>
+        string_range substring(const char* const begin, Delim delim) const {
+                const char* end;
+                for (end = begin; *end != '\0' && no_match(end, delim); ++end)
+                        ;
+
+                return string_range{begin, end};
+        }
+
+        ////////////////
+        // conversion
+        ////////////////
+
+#ifdef SS_THROW_ON_INVALID
+#define SS_RETURN_ON_INVALID // nop
+#else
+#define SS_RETURN_ON_INVALID                                                   \
+        if (!valid()) {                                                        \
+                return;                                                        \
+        }
+#endif
+
+        template <typename T>
+        void extract_one(no_validator_t<T>& dst, const string_range msg,
+                         size_t pos) {
+                SS_RETURN_ON_INVALID;
+
+                if (!extract(msg.first, msg.second, dst)) {
+                        set_error_invalid_conversion(msg, pos);
+                        return;
+                }
+
+                if constexpr (has_m_ss_valid_t<T>) {
+                        if (T validator; !validator.ss_valid(dst)) {
+                                if constexpr (has_m_error_t<T>) {
+                                        set_error_validate(validator.error(),
+                                                           msg, pos);
+                                } else {
+                                        set_error_validate("validation error",
+                                                           msg, pos);
+                                }
+                                return;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        template <>
+        void extract_one<std::string>(std::string& dst, const string_range msg,
+                                      size_t) {
+                SS_RETURN_ON_INVALID;
+                extract(msg.first, msg.second, dst);
+        }
+
+#undef SS_RETURN_ON_INVALID
+
+        template <size_t ArgN, size_t TupN, typename... Ts>
+        void extract_multiple(no_void_validator_tup_t<Ts...>& tup,
+                              const split_input& elems) {
+                using elem_t = std::tuple_element_t<ArgN, std::tuple<Ts...>>;
+
+                constexpr bool not_void = !std::is_void_v<elem_t>;
+                constexpr bool not_tuple =
+                    count_not<std::is_void, Ts...>::size == 1;
+
+                if constexpr (not_void) {
+                        if constexpr (not_tuple) {
+                                extract_one<elem_t>(tup, elems[ArgN], ArgN);
+                        } else {
+                                auto& el = std::get<TupN>(tup);
+                                extract_one<elem_t>(el, elems[ArgN], ArgN);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts) > ArgN + 1) {
+                        constexpr size_t NewTupN = (not_void) ? TupN + 1 : TupN;
+                        extract_multiple<ArgN + 1, NewTupN, Ts...>(tup, elems);
+                }
+        }
+
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        no_void_validator_tup_t<Ts...> extract_tuple(const split_input& elems) {
+                static_assert(!all_of<std::is_void, Ts...>::value,
+                              "at least one parameter must be non void");
+
+                no_void_validator_tup_t<Ts...> ret;
+                extract_multiple<0, 0, Ts...>(ret, elems);
+                return ret;
+        };
+
+        ////////////////
+        // members
+        ////////////////
+
+        std::vector<string_range> input_;
+        std::string error_;
+};
+
+} /* ss */
diff --git a/include/ss/extract.hpp b/include/ss/extract.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c752a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ss/extract.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+#ifdef SS_THROW_ON_INVALID
+#define SS_THROW_OR_NULL(x) throw std::invalid_argument(x)
+#define SS_THROW_OR_FALSE(x) throw std::invalid_argument(x)
+#else
+#define SS_THROW_OR_NULL(x) return std::nullopt
+#define SS_THROW_OR_FALSE(x) return false
+#endif
+
+namespace ss {
+
+// todo
+// taken from
+// https://gist.github.com/oschonrock/67fc870ba067ebf0f369897a9d52c2dd
+
+////////////////
+// number converters
+////////////////
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, T> pow10(int n) {
+        T ret = 1.0;
+        T r = 10.0;
+        if (n < 0) {
+                n = -n;
+                r = 0.1;
+        }
+
+        while (n) {
+                if (n & 1) {
+                        ret *= r;
+                }
+                r *= r;
+                n >>= 1;
+        }
+        return ret;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, std::optional<T>> to_num(
+    const char* begin, const char* const end) {
+        if (begin == end) {
+                SS_THROW_OR_NULL("floating point");
+        }
+        int sign = 1;
+        T int_part = 0.0;
+        T frac_part = 0.0;
+        bool has_frac = false;
+        bool has_exp = false;
+
+        // +/- sign
+        if (*begin == '-') {
+                ++begin;
+                sign = -1;
+        }
+
+        while (begin != end) {
+                if (*begin >= '0' && *begin <= '9') {
+                        int_part = int_part * 10 + (*begin - '0');
+                } else if (*begin == '.') {
+                        has_frac = true;
+                        ++begin;
+                        break;
+                } else if (*begin == 'e') {
+                        has_exp = true;
+                        ++begin;
+                        break;
+                } else {
+                        SS_THROW_OR_NULL("floating point");
+                }
+                ++begin;
+        }
+
+        if (has_frac) {
+                T frac_exp = 0.1;
+
+                while (begin != end) {
+                        if (*begin >= '0' && *begin <= '9') {
+                                frac_part += frac_exp * (*begin - '0');
+                                frac_exp *= 0.1;
+                        } else if (*begin == 'e') {
+                                has_exp = true;
+                                ++begin;
+                                break;
+                        } else {
+                                SS_THROW_OR_NULL("floating point");
+                        }
+                        ++begin;
+                }
+        }
+
+        // parsing exponent part
+        T exp_part = 1.0;
+        if (begin != end && has_exp) {
+                int exp_sign = 1;
+                if (*begin == '-') {
+                        exp_sign = -1;
+                        ++begin;
+                } else if (*begin == '+') {
+                        ++begin;
+                }
+
+                int e = 0;
+                while (begin != end && *begin >= '0' && *begin <= '9') {
+                        e = e * 10 + *begin - '0';
+                        ++begin;
+                }
+
+                exp_part = pow10<T>(exp_sign * e);
+        }
+
+        if (begin != end) {
+                SS_THROW_OR_NULL("floating point");
+        }
+
+        return sign * (int_part + frac_part) * exp_part;
+}
+
+inline std::optional<short> from_char(char c) {
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+                return c - '0';
+        }
+        SS_THROW_OR_NULL("integral");
+}
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GUNG__)
+////////////////
+// mul overflow detection
+////////////////
+template <typename T>
+bool mul_overflow(T& result, T operand) {
+        return __builtin_mul_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool mul_overflow(int& result, int operand) {
+        return __builtin_smul_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool mul_overflow(long& result, long operand) {
+        return __builtin_smull_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool mul_overflow(long long& result, long long operand) {
+        return __builtin_smulll_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool mul_overflow(unsigned int& result, unsigned int operand) {
+        return __builtin_umul_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool mul_overflow(unsigned long& result, unsigned long operand) {
+        return __builtin_umull_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool mul_overflow(unsigned long long& result,
+                         unsigned long long operand) {
+        return __builtin_umulll_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+////////////////
+// addition overflow detection
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool add_overflow(T& result, T operand) {
+        return __builtin_add_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool add_overflow(int& result, int operand) {
+        return __builtin_sadd_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool add_overflow(long& result, long operand) {
+        return __builtin_saddl_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool add_overflow(long long& result, long long operand) {
+        return __builtin_saddll_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool add_overflow(unsigned int& result, unsigned int operand) {
+        return __builtin_uadd_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool add_overflow(unsigned long& result, unsigned long operand) {
+        return __builtin_uaddl_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool add_overflow(unsigned long long& result,
+                         unsigned long long operand) {
+        return __builtin_uaddll_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+////////////////
+// substraction overflow detection
+////////////////
+template <typename T>
+inline bool sub_overflow(T& result, T operand) {
+        return __builtin_sub_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool sub_overflow(int& result, int operand) {
+        return __builtin_ssub_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool sub_overflow(long& result, long operand) {
+        return __builtin_ssubl_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool sub_overflow(long long& result, long long operand) {
+        return __builtin_ssubll_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool sub_overflow(unsigned int& result, unsigned int operand) {
+        return __builtin_usub_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool sub_overflow(unsigned long& result, unsigned long operand) {
+        return __builtin_usubl_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool sub_overflow(unsigned long long& result,
+                         unsigned long long operand) {
+        return __builtin_usubll_overflow(result, operand, &result);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename F>
+bool shift_and_add_overflow(T& value, T digit, F add_last_digit_owerflow) {
+        if (mul_overflow<T>(value, 10) ||
+            add_last_digit_owerflow(value, digit)) {
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+}
+#else
+
+#warning "use clang or gcc!!!"
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool shift_and_add_overflow(T& value, T digit, U is_negative) {
+        digit = (is_negative) ? -digit : digit;
+        T old_value = value;
+        value = 10 * value + digit;
+
+        T expected_old_value = (value - digit) / 10;
+        if (old_value != expected_old_value) {
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::optional<T>> to_num(
+    const char* begin, const char* end) {
+        if (begin == end) {
+                SS_THROW_OR_NULL("integral");
+        }
+        bool is_negative = false;
+        if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) {
+                is_negative = *begin == '-';
+                if (is_negative) {
+                        ++begin;
+                }
+        }
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
+        auto add_last_digit_owerflow =
+            (is_negative) ? sub_overflow<T> : add_overflow<T>;
+#else
+        auto add_last_digit_owerflow = is_negative;
+#endif
+
+        T value = 0;
+        for (auto i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
+                if (auto digit = from_char(*i);
+                    !digit ||
+                    shift_and_add_overflow<T>(value, digit.value(),
+                                              add_last_digit_owerflow)) {
+                        SS_THROW_OR_NULL("integral");
+                }
+        }
+
+        return value;
+}
+
+////////////////
+// extract
+////////////////
+
+namespace error {
+template <typename T>
+struct unsupported_type {
+        constexpr static bool value = false;
+};
+} /* namespace */
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<!std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_floating_point_v<T>, bool>
+extract(const char*, const char*, T&) {
+
+        static_assert(error::unsupported_type<T>::value,
+                      "Conversion for given type is not defined, an "
+                      "\'extract\' function needs to be defined!");
+}
+
+////////////////
+// extract specialization
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T> || std::is_floating_point_v<T>, bool>
+extract(const char* begin, const char* end, T& value) {
+        auto optional_value = to_num<T>(begin, end);
+#ifndef SS_THROW_ON_INVALID
+        if (!optional_value) {
+                return false;
+        }
+#endif
+        value = optional_value.value();
+        return true;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool extract(const char* begin, const char* end, bool& value) {
+        if (end == begin + 1) {
+                if (*begin == '1') {
+                        value = true;
+                        return true;
+                } else if (*begin == '0') {
+                        value = false;
+                        return true;
+                }
+        } else {
+                size_t size = end - begin;
+                if (size == 4 && strncmp(begin, "true", size) == 0) {
+                        value = true;
+                        return true;
+                } else if (size == 5 && strncmp(begin, "false", size) == 0) {
+                        value = false;
+                        return true;
+                }
+        }
+
+        SS_THROW_OR_FALSE("boolean");
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool extract(const char* begin, const char* end, char& value) {
+        value = *begin;
+        if (end != begin + 1) {
+                SS_THROW_OR_FALSE("character");
+        }
+        return true;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool extract(const char* begin, const char* end, std::string& value) {
+        value = std::string(begin, end);
+        return true;
+}
+
+#undef SS_THROW_OR_NULL
+#undef SS_THROW_OR_FALSE
+
+} /* ss */
diff --git a/include/ss/function_traits.hpp b/include/ss/function_traits.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f91b6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ss/function_traits.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <functional>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace ss {
+
+////////////////
+// function traits
+////////////////
+
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct decayed_arg_n {
+        static_assert(N - 1 != sizeof...(Ts), "index out of range");
+        using type = typename decayed_arg_n<N - 1, Ts...>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct decayed_arg_n<0, T, Ts...> {
+        using type = std::decay_t<T>;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct function_traits;
+
+template <typename R, typename C, typename Arg>
+struct function_traits<std::function<R(C&, const Arg&) const>> {
+        using arg_type = Arg;
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename... Ts>
+struct function_traits<R(Ts...)> {
+        using arg0 = typename decayed_arg_n<0, Ts...>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename... Ts>
+struct function_traits<R(Ts...) const> : function_traits<R(Ts...)> {};
+
+template <typename R, typename... Ts>
+struct function_traits<R(Ts...)&> : function_traits<R(Ts...)> {};
+
+template <typename R, typename... Ts>
+struct function_traits<R(Ts...) const&> : function_traits<R(Ts...)> {};
+
+template <typename R, typename... Ts>
+struct function_traits<R(Ts...) &&> : function_traits<R(Ts...)> {};
+
+template <typename R, typename... Ts>
+struct function_traits<R(Ts...) const&&> : function_traits<R(Ts...)> {};
+
+template <typename MemberFunction>
+struct member_wrapper;
+
+template <typename R, typename T>
+struct member_wrapper<R T::*> {
+        using arg_type = typename function_traits<R>::arg0;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// has method
+////////////////
+
+#define INIT_HAS_METHOD(method)                                                \
+        template <typename T>                                                  \
+        class has_m_##method {                                                 \
+                template <typename C>                                          \
+                static std::true_type test(decltype(&C::method));              \
+                                                                               \
+                template <typename C>                                          \
+                static std::false_type test(...);                              \
+                                                                               \
+            public:                                                            \
+                constexpr static bool value = decltype(test<T>(0))::value;     \
+        };                                                                     \
+                                                                               \
+        template <typename T>                                                  \
+        constexpr bool has_m_##method##_t = has_m_##method<T>::value;
+
+} /* trait */
diff --git a/include/ss/parser.hpp b/include/ss/parser.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b33c6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ss/parser.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "converter.hpp"
+#include "extract.hpp"
+#include "restrictions.hpp"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ss {
+
+class parser {
+    public:
+        parser(const std::string& file_name, const std::string& delimiter)
+            : file_name_{file_name}, delim_{delimiter},
+              file_{fopen(file_name_.c_str(), "r")} {
+                if (file_) {
+                        read_line();
+                } else {
+                        set_error_file_not_open();
+                        eof_ = true;
+                }
+        }
+
+        ~parser() {
+                fclose(file_);
+        }
+
+        bool valid() const {
+                return error_.empty();
+        }
+
+        bool eof() const {
+                return eof_;
+        }
+
+        bool ignore_next() {
+                return buff_.read(file_);
+        }
+
+        const std::string& error() const {
+                return error_;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+        T get_struct() {
+                return to_struct<T>(get_next<Ts...>());
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+        no_void_validator_tup_t<T, Ts...> get_next() {
+                error_.clear();
+                if (eof_) {
+                        set_error_eof_reached();
+                        return {};
+                }
+
+                auto value = converter_.convert<T, Ts...>(buff_.get(), delim_);
+
+                if (!converter_.valid()) {
+                        set_error_invalid_conversion();
+                }
+
+                read_line();
+                return value;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        ////////////////
+        // line reading
+        ////////////////
+
+        class buffer {
+                char* buffer_{nullptr};
+                size_t size_{0};
+
+            public:
+                ~buffer() {
+                        free(buffer_);
+                }
+
+                bool read(FILE* file) {
+                        ssize_t size = getline(&buffer_, &size_, file);
+                        if (size == -1) {
+                                return false;
+                        }
+
+                        buffer_[size - 1] = '\0';
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                const char* get() const {
+                        return buffer_;
+                }
+        };
+
+        void read_line() {
+                eof_ = !buff_.read(file_);
+                ++line_number_;
+        }
+
+        ////////////////
+        // error
+        ////////////////
+
+        void set_error_file_not_open() {
+                error_.append(file_name_).append(" could not be not open.");
+        }
+
+        void set_error_eof_reached() {
+                error_.append(file_name_).append(" reached end of file.");
+        }
+
+        void set_error_invalid_conversion() {
+                error_.append(file_name_)
+                    .append(" ")
+                    .append(std::to_string(line_number_))
+                    .append(": ")
+                    .append(converter_.error())
+                    .append(": \"")
+                    .append(buff_.get());
+                error_.append("\"");
+        }
+
+        ////////////////
+        // members
+        ////////////////
+
+        const std::string file_name_;
+        const std::string delim_;
+        std::string error_;
+        ss::converter converter_;
+        FILE* file_{nullptr};
+        buffer buff_;
+        size_t line_number_{0};
+        bool eof_{false};
+};
+
+} /* ss */
diff --git a/include/ss/restrictions.hpp b/include/ss/restrictions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1848e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ss/restrictions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace ss {
+
+////////////////
+// all except
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T, auto... Values>
+struct ax {
+    private:
+        template <auto X, auto... Xs>
+        bool ss_valid_impl(const T& x) const {
+                if constexpr (sizeof...(Xs) != 0) {
+                        return x != X && ss_valid_impl<Xs...>(x);
+                }
+                return x != X;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        bool ss_valid(const T& value) const {
+                return ss_valid_impl<Values...>(value);
+        }
+
+        const char* error() const {
+                return "value excluded";
+        }
+};
+
+////////////////
+// none except
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T, auto... Values>
+struct nx {
+    private:
+        template <auto X, auto... Xs>
+        bool ss_valid_impl(const T& x) const {
+                if constexpr (sizeof...(Xs) != 0) {
+                        return x == X || ss_valid_impl<Xs...>(x);
+                }
+                return x == X;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        bool ss_valid(const T& value) const {
+                return ss_valid_impl<Values...>(value);
+        }
+
+        const char* error() const {
+                return "value excluded";
+        }
+};
+
+////////////////
+// in range
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T, auto Min, auto Max>
+struct ir {
+        bool ss_valid(const T& value) const {
+                return value >= Min && value <= Max;
+        }
+
+        const char* error() const {
+                return "out of range";
+        }
+};
+
+////////////////
+// out of range
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T, auto Min, auto Max>
+struct oor {
+        bool ss_valid(const T& value) const {
+                return value < Min || value > Max;
+        }
+
+        const char* error() const {
+                return "in restricted range";
+        }
+};
+
+////////////////
+// non empty
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+struct ne {
+        bool ss_valid(const T& value) const {
+                return !value.empty();
+        }
+
+        const char* error() const {
+                return "empty field";
+        }
+};
+
+} /* ss */
diff --git a/include/ss/type_traits.hpp b/include/ss/type_traits.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbe979e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ss/type_traits.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace ss {
+
+////////////////
+// tup merge/cat
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T, typename Ts>
+struct tup_cat;
+
+template <typename... Ts, typename... Us>
+struct tup_cat<std::tuple<Ts...>, std::tuple<Us...>> {
+        using type = std::tuple<Ts..., Us...>;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct tup_cat<T, std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+        using type = std::tuple<T, Ts...>;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using tup_cat_t = typename tup_cat<Ts...>::type;
+
+////////////////
+// tup first/head
+////////////////
+
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct left_of_impl;
+
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct left_of_impl {
+        static_assert(N < 128, "recursion limit reached");
+        static_assert(N != 0, "cannot take the whole tuple");
+        using type = tup_cat_t<T, typename left_of_impl<N - 1, Ts...>::type>;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct left_of_impl<0, T, Ts...> {
+        using type = std::tuple<T>;
+};
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+using left_of_t = typename left_of_impl<N, Ts...>::type;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using first_t = typename left_of_impl<sizeof...(Ts) - 2, Ts...>::type;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using head_t = typename left_of_impl<0, Ts...>::type;
+
+////////////////
+// tup tail/last
+////////////////
+
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct right_of_impl;
+
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct right_of_impl {
+        using type = typename right_of_impl<N - 1, Ts...>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct right_of_impl<0, T, Ts...> {
+        using type = std::tuple<T, Ts...>;
+};
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+using right_of_t = typename right_of_impl<N, Ts...>::type;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using tail_t = typename right_of_impl<1, Ts...>::type;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using last_t = typename right_of_impl<sizeof...(Ts) - 1, Ts...>::type;
+
+////////////////
+// apply trait
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct apply_trait;
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct apply_trait<Trait, std::tuple<T, Ts...>> {
+        using type =
+            tup_cat_t<typename Trait<T>::type,
+                      typename apply_trait<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type>;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct apply_trait {
+        using type = std::tuple<typename Trait<T>::type>;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct apply_trait<Trait, std::tuple<T>> {
+        using type = std::tuple<typename Trait<T>::type>;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// apply optional trait
+////////////////
+
+// type is T if true, and std::false_type othervise
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct optional_trait;
+
+template <typename U>
+struct optional_trait<std::true_type, U> {
+        using type = U;
+};
+
+template <typename U>
+struct optional_trait<std::false_type, U> {
+        using type = std::false_type;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct apply_optional_trait;
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct apply_optional_trait<Trait, std::tuple<T, Ts...>> {
+        using type = tup_cat_t<
+            typename optional_trait<typename Trait<T>::type, T>::type,
+            typename apply_optional_trait<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type>;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct apply_optional_trait {
+        using type = std::tuple<
+            typename optional_trait<typename Trait<T>::type, T>::type>;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct apply_optional_trait<Trait, std::tuple<T>> {
+        using type = std::tuple<
+            typename optional_trait<typename Trait<T>::type, T>::type>;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// filter false_type
+////////////////
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct remove_false {
+        using type = tup_cat_t<T, typename remove_false<Ts...>::type>;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct remove_false<std::false_type, Ts...> {
+        using type = typename remove_false<Ts...>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct remove_false<std::tuple<T, Ts...>> {
+        using type = tup_cat_t<T, typename remove_false<Ts...>::type>;
+};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct remove_false<std::tuple<std::false_type, Ts...>> {
+        using type = typename remove_false<Ts...>::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct remove_false<T> {
+        using type = std::tuple<T>;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct remove_false<std::tuple<T>> {
+        using type = std::tuple<T>;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct remove_false<std::false_type> {
+        using type = std::tuple<>;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// negate trait
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait>
+struct negate_impl {
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        using type = std::integral_constant<bool, !Trait<Ts...>::value>;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// filter by trait
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct filter_if {
+        using type = typename filter_if<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct filter_if<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+
+        using type = typename remove_false<typename apply_optional_trait<
+            Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type>::type;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+using filter_if_t = typename filter_if<Trait, Ts...>::type;
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct filter_not {
+        using type = typename filter_not<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct filter_not<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+
+        using type = typename remove_false<typename apply_optional_trait<
+            negate_impl<Trait>::template type, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type>::type;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+using filter_not_t = typename filter_not<Trait, Ts...>::type;
+
+////////////////
+// count
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct count;
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct count {
+        static constexpr size_t size =
+            std::tuple_size<filter_if_t<Trait, T, Ts...>>::value;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct count<Trait, T> {
+        static constexpr size_t size = Trait<T>::value;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// count not
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct count;
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct count_not {
+        static constexpr size_t size =
+            std::tuple_size<filter_not_t<Trait, T, Ts...>>::value;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename T>
+struct count_not<Trait, T> {
+        static constexpr size_t size = !Trait<T>::value;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// all of
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct all_of {
+        static constexpr bool value =
+            count<Trait, Ts...>::size == sizeof...(Ts);
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct all_of<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+        static constexpr bool value =
+            count<Trait, Ts...>::size == sizeof...(Ts);
+};
+
+////////////////
+// any of
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct any_of {
+        static_assert(sizeof...(Ts) > 0);
+        static constexpr bool value = count<Trait, Ts...>::size > 0;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct any_of<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+        static_assert(sizeof...(Ts) > 0);
+        static constexpr bool value = count<Trait, Ts...>::size > 0;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// none  of
+////////////////
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct none_of {
+        static constexpr bool value = count<Trait, Ts...>::size == 0;
+};
+
+template <template <typename...> class Trait, typename... Ts>
+struct none_of<Trait, std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+        static constexpr bool value = count<Trait, Ts...>::size == 0;
+};
+
+////////////////
+// tuple to struct
+////////////////
+
+template <class S, std::size_t... Is, class Tup>
+S to_struct(std::index_sequence<Is...>, Tup&& tup) {
+        using std::get;
+        return {get<Is>(std::forward<Tup>(tup))...};
+}
+
+template <class S, class Tup>
+S to_struct(Tup&& tup) {
+        using T = std::remove_reference_t<Tup>;
+
+        return to_struct<S>(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>{}>{},
+                            std::forward<Tup>(tup));
+}
+
+} /* trait */
diff --git a/test/doctest.h b/test/doctest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9444698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/doctest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6205 @@
+// ====================================================================== lgtm [cpp/missing-header-guard]
+// == DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE BY HAND - IT IS AUTO GENERATED BY CMAKE! ==
+// ======================================================================
+//
+// doctest.h - the lightest feature-rich C++ single-header testing framework for unit tests and TDD
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Viktor Kirilov
+//
+// Distributed under the MIT Software License
+// See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// The documentation can be found at the library's page:
+// https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/blob/master/doc/markdown/readme.md
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+//
+// The library is heavily influenced by Catch - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// The concept of subcases (sections in Catch) and expression decomposition are from there.
+// Some parts of the code are taken directly:
+// - stringification - the detection of "ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const T&)" and StringMaker<>
+// - the Approx() helper class for floating point comparison
+// - colors in the console
+// - breaking into a debugger
+// - signal / SEH handling
+// - timer
+// - XmlWriter class - thanks to Phil Nash for allowing the direct reuse (AKA copy/paste)
+//
+// The expression decomposing templates are taken from lest - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == VERSION ======================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR 4
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_STR "2.4.0"
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION                                                                            \
+    (DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR * 10000 + DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR * 100 + DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER VERSION =============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// ideas for the version stuff are taken from here: https://github.com/cxxstuff/cxx_detect
+
+#define DOCTEST_COMPILER(MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH) ((MAJOR)*10000000 + (MINOR)*100000 + (PATCH))
+
+// GCC/Clang and GCC/MSVC are mutually exclusive, but Clang/MSVC are not because of clang-cl...
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_MSC_FULL_VER)
+#if _MSC_VER == _MSC_FULL_VER / 10000
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 10000)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, (_MSC_FULL_VER / 100000) % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 100000)
+#endif // MSVC
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_minor__)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG DOCTEST_COMPILER(__clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) &&              \
+        !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC DOCTEST_COMPILER(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif // GCC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#ifndef DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS HELPERS ====================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(clang diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+
+#if DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(GCC diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH __pragma(warning(push))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) __pragma(warning(disable : w))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP __pragma(warning(pop))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdeprecated")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wctor-dtor-privacy")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-promo")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623) // default constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtr...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+// 4548 - expression before comma has no effect; expected expression with side - effect
+// 4265 - class has virtual functions, but destructor is not virtual
+// 4986 - exception specification does not match previous declaration
+// 4350 - behavior change: 'member1' called instead of 'member2'
+// 4668 - 'x' is not defined as a preprocessor macro, replacing with '0' for '#if/#elif'
+// 4365 - conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned long', signed/unsigned mismatch
+// 4774 - format string expected in argument 'x' is not a string literal
+// 4820 - padding in structs
+
+// only 4 should be disabled globally:
+// - 4514 # unreferenced inline function has been removed
+// - 4571 # SEH related
+// - 4710 # function not inlined
+// - 4711 # function 'x' selected for automatic inline expansion
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4548)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4265)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4986)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4350)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4668)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5105)
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// general compiler feature support table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support
+// MSVC C++11 feature support table: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh567368.aspx
+// GCC C++11 feature support table: https://gcc.gnu.org/projects/cxx-status.html
+// MSVC version table:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B#Internal_version_numbering
+// MSVC++ 14.2 (16) _MSC_VER == 1920 (Visual Studio 2019)
+// MSVC++ 14.1 (15) _MSC_VER == 1910 (Visual Studio 2017)
+// MSVC++ 14.0      _MSC_VER == 1900 (Visual Studio 2015)
+// MSVC++ 12.0      _MSC_VER == 1800 (Visual Studio 2013)
+// MSVC++ 11.0      _MSC_VER == 1700 (Visual Studio 2012)
+// MSVC++ 10.0      _MSC_VER == 1600 (Visual Studio 2010)
+// MSVC++ 9.0       _MSC_VER == 1500 (Visual Studio 2008)
+// MSVC++ 8.0       _MSC_VER == 1400 (Visual Studio 2005)
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) &&             \
+        !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // _WIN32
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#if !defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // no exceptions
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS && !DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((dllexport))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __attribute__((dllimport))
+#endif // MSVC
+#else  // _WIN32
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+
+#define DOCTEST_EMPTY
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif // MSVC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#define DOCTEST_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#endif // DOCTEST_NORETURN
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+#define DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif // DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION END ========================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// internal macros for string concatenation and anonymous variable name generation
+#define DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2) s1##s2
+#define DOCTEST_CAT(s1, s2) DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2)
+#ifdef __COUNTER__ // not standard and may be missing for some compilers
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __COUNTER__)
+#else // __COUNTER__
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __LINE__)
+#endif // __COUNTER__
+
+#define DOCTEST_TOSTR(x) #x
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x&
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+
+// not using __APPLE__ because... this is how Catch does it
+#ifdef __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#elif defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_LINUX
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(var)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wglobal-constructors")                              \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-variable")                                            \
+    static int var DOCTEST_UNUSED // NOLINT(fuchsia-statically-constructed-objects,cert-err58-cpp)
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+// should probably take a look at https://github.com/scottt/debugbreak
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __asm__("int $3\n" : :)
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wredundant-decls")
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ::DebugBreak()
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ((void)0)
+#endif // linux
+#endif // DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+
+// this is kept here for backwards compatibility since the config option was changed
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+// to detect if libc++ is being used with clang (the _LIBCPP_VERSION identifier)
+#include <ciso646>
+#endif // clang
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+#else // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace std {
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+
+// Forward declaring 'X' in namespace std is not permitted by the C++ Standard.
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4643)
+
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN // NOLINT (cert-dcl58-cpp)
+typedef decltype(nullptr) nullptr_t;
+template <class charT>
+struct char_traits;
+template <>
+struct char_traits<char>;
+template <class charT, class traits>
+class basic_ostream;
+typedef basic_ostream<char, char_traits<char>> ostream;
+template <class... Types>
+class tuple;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+template <class _Ty>
+class allocator;
+template <class _Elem, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
+class basic_string;
+using string = basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
+#endif // VS 2019
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE extern bool is_running_in_test;
+
+// A 24 byte string class (can be as small as 17 for x64 and 13 for x86) that can hold strings with length
+// of up to 23 chars on the stack before going on the heap - the last byte of the buffer is used for:
+// - "is small" bit - the highest bit - if "0" then it is small - otherwise its "1" (128)
+// - if small - capacity left before going on the heap - using the lowest 5 bits
+// - if small - 2 bits are left unused - the second and third highest ones
+// - if small - acts as a null terminator if strlen() is 23 (24 including the null terminator)
+//              and the "is small" bit remains "0" ("as well as the capacity left") so its OK
+// Idea taken from this lecture about the string implementation of facebook/folly - fbstring
+// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPR8h4-qZdk
+// TODO:
+// - optimizations - like not deleting memory unnecessarily in operator= and etc.
+// - resize/reserve/clear
+// - substr
+// - replace
+// - back/front
+// - iterator stuff
+// - find & friends
+// - push_back/pop_back
+// - assign/insert/erase
+// - relational operators as free functions - taking const char* as one of the params
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE String
+{
+    static const unsigned len  = 24;      //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+    static const unsigned last = len - 1; //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+
+    struct view // len should be more than sizeof(view) - because of the final byte for flags
+    {
+        char*    ptr;
+        unsigned size;
+        unsigned capacity;
+    };
+
+    union
+    {
+        char buf[len];
+        view data;
+    };
+
+    bool isOnStack() const { return (buf[last] & 128) == 0; }
+    void setOnHeap();
+    void setLast(unsigned in = last);
+
+    void copy(const String& other);
+
+public:
+    String();
+    ~String();
+
+    // cppcheck-suppress noExplicitConstructor
+    String(const char* in);
+    String(const char* in, unsigned in_size);
+
+    String(const String& other);
+    String& operator=(const String& other);
+
+    String& operator+=(const String& other);
+    String  operator+(const String& other) const;
+
+    String(String&& other);
+    String& operator=(String&& other);
+
+    char  operator[](unsigned i) const;
+    char& operator[](unsigned i);
+
+    // the only functions I'm willing to leave in the interface - available for inlining
+    const char* c_str() const { return const_cast<String*>(this)->c_str(); } // NOLINT
+    char*       c_str() {
+        if(isOnStack())
+            return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf);
+        return data.ptr;
+    }
+
+    unsigned size() const;
+    unsigned capacity() const;
+
+    int compare(const char* other, bool no_case = false) const;
+    int compare(const String& other, bool no_case = false) const;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in);
+
+namespace Color {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None = 0,
+        White,
+        Red,
+        Green,
+        Blue,
+        Cyan,
+        Yellow,
+        Grey,
+
+        Bright = 0x10,
+
+        BrightRed   = Bright | Red,
+        BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+        LightGrey   = Bright | Grey,
+        BrightWhite = Bright | White
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code);
+} // namespace Color
+
+namespace assertType {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        // macro traits
+
+        is_warn    = 1,
+        is_check   = 2 * is_warn,
+        is_require = 2 * is_check,
+
+        is_normal      = 2 * is_require,
+        is_throws      = 2 * is_normal,
+        is_throws_as   = 2 * is_throws,
+        is_throws_with = 2 * is_throws_as,
+        is_nothrow     = 2 * is_throws_with,
+
+        is_false = 2 * is_nothrow,
+        is_unary = 2 * is_false, // not checked anywhere - used just to distinguish the types
+
+        is_eq = 2 * is_unary,
+        is_ne = 2 * is_eq,
+
+        is_lt = 2 * is_ne,
+        is_gt = 2 * is_lt,
+
+        is_ge = 2 * is_gt,
+        is_le = 2 * is_ge,
+
+        // macro types
+
+        DT_WARN    = is_normal | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK   = is_normal | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE = is_normal | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS    = is_throws | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS   = is_throws | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS = is_throws | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_AS    = is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS   = is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS = is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH    = is_throws_with | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH   = is_throws_with | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH = is_throws_with | is_require,
+        
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS    = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS   = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NOTHROW    = is_nothrow | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NOTHROW   = is_nothrow | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW = is_nothrow | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_EQ    = is_normal | is_eq | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_EQ   = is_normal | is_eq | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_EQ = is_normal | is_eq | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NE    = is_normal | is_ne | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NE   = is_normal | is_ne | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NE = is_normal | is_ne | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GT    = is_normal | is_gt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GT   = is_normal | is_gt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GT = is_normal | is_gt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LT    = is_normal | is_lt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LT   = is_normal | is_lt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LT = is_normal | is_lt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GE    = is_normal | is_ge | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GE   = is_normal | is_ge | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GE = is_normal | is_ge | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LE    = is_normal | is_le | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LE   = is_normal | is_le | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LE = is_normal | is_le | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY    = is_normal | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY   = is_normal | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY = is_normal | is_unary | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_require,
+    };
+} // namespace assertType
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file);
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseData
+{
+    String      m_file;       // the file in which the test was registered
+    unsigned    m_line;       // the line where the test was registered
+    const char* m_name;       // name of the test case
+    const char* m_test_suite; // the test suite in which the test was added
+    const char* m_description;
+    bool        m_skip;
+    bool        m_may_fail;
+    bool        m_should_fail;
+    int         m_expected_failures;
+    double      m_timeout;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE AssertData
+{
+    // common - for all asserts
+    const TestCaseData* m_test_case;
+    assertType::Enum    m_at;
+    const char*         m_file;
+    int                 m_line;
+    const char*         m_expr;
+    bool                m_failed;
+
+    // exception-related - for all asserts
+    bool   m_threw;
+    String m_exception;
+
+    // for normal asserts
+    String m_decomp;
+
+    // for specific exception-related asserts
+    bool        m_threw_as;
+    const char* m_exception_type;
+    const char* m_exception_string;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageData
+{
+    String           m_string;
+    const char*      m_file;
+    int              m_line;
+    assertType::Enum m_severity;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE SubcaseSignature
+{
+    String      m_name;
+    const char* m_file;
+    int         m_line;
+
+    bool operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IContextScope
+{
+    IContextScope();
+    virtual ~IContextScope();
+    virtual void stringify(std::ostream*) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct ContextOptions //!OCLINT too many fields
+{
+    std::ostream* cout;        // stdout stream - std::cout by default
+    std::ostream* cerr;        // stderr stream - std::cerr by default
+    String        binary_name; // the test binary name
+
+    // == parameters from the command line
+    String   out;       // output filename
+    String   order_by;  // how tests should be ordered
+    unsigned rand_seed; // the seed for rand ordering
+
+    unsigned first; // the first (matching) test to be executed
+    unsigned last;  // the last (matching) test to be executed
+
+    int abort_after;           // stop tests after this many failed assertions
+    int subcase_filter_levels; // apply the subcase filters for the first N levels
+
+    bool success;              // include successful assertions in output
+    bool case_sensitive;       // if filtering should be case sensitive
+    bool exit;                 // if the program should be exited after the tests are ran/whatever
+    bool duration;             // print the time duration of each test case
+    bool no_throw;             // to skip exceptions-related assertion macros
+    bool no_exitcode;          // if the framework should return 0 as the exitcode
+    bool no_run;               // to not run the tests at all (can be done with an "*" exclude)
+    bool no_version;           // to not print the version of the framework
+    bool no_colors;            // if output to the console should be colorized
+    bool force_colors;         // forces the use of colors even when a tty cannot be detected
+    bool no_breaks;            // to not break into the debugger
+    bool no_skip;              // don't skip test cases which are marked to be skipped
+    bool gnu_file_line;        // if line numbers should be surrounded with :x: and not (x):
+    bool no_path_in_filenames; // if the path to files should be removed from the output
+    bool no_line_numbers;      // if source code line numbers should be omitted from the output
+    bool no_skipped_summary;   // don't print "skipped" in the summary !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+    bool no_time_in_output;    // omit any time/timestamps from output !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+
+    bool help;             // to print the help
+    bool version;          // to print the version
+    bool count;            // if only the count of matching tests is to be retrieved
+    bool list_test_cases;  // to list all tests matching the filters
+    bool list_test_suites; // to list all suites matching the filters
+    bool list_reporters;   // lists all registered reporters
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS)
+    template <bool CONDITION, typename TYPE = void>
+    struct enable_if
+    {};
+
+    template <typename TYPE>
+    struct enable_if<true, TYPE>
+    { typedef TYPE type; };
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING) || DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference      { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&>  { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&&> { typedef T type; };
+
+    template<class T> struct remove_const          { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_const<const T> { typedef T type; };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct deferred_false
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
+    { static const bool value = false; };
+
+    namespace has_insertion_operator_impl {
+        std::ostream &os();
+        template<class T>
+        DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) val();
+
+        template<class, class = void>
+        struct check {
+            static constexpr auto value = false;
+        };
+
+        template<class T>
+        struct check<T, decltype(os() << val<T>(), void())> {
+            static constexpr auto value = true;
+        };
+    } // namespace has_insertion_operator_impl
+
+    template<class T>
+    using has_insertion_operator = has_insertion_operator_impl::check<T>;
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream* getTlsOss(); // returns a thread-local ostringstream
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String getTlsOssResult();
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringMakerBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T)) {
+            return "{?}";
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringMakerBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) in) {
+            *getTlsOss() << in;
+            return getTlsOssResult();
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String rawMemoryToString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) object) {
+        return rawMemoryToString(&object, sizeof(object));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const char* type_to_string() {
+        return "<>";
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker : public detail::StringMakerBase<detail::has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+{};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker<T*>
+{
+    template <typename U>
+    static String convert(U* p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename C>
+struct StringMaker<R C::*>
+{
+    static String convert(R C::*p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+String toString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) value) {
+    return StringMaker<T>::convert(value);
+}
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char* in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(bool in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(float in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double long in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char signed in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(std::nullptr_t in);
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const std::string& in);
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Approx
+{
+public:
+    explicit Approx(double value);
+
+    Approx operator()(double value) const;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit Approx(const T& value,
+                    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type* =
+                            static_cast<T*>(nullptr)) {
+        *this = Approx(static_cast<double>(value));
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& epsilon(double newEpsilon);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type epsilon(
+            const T& newEpsilon) {
+        m_epsilon = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif //  DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& scale(double newScale);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type scale(
+            const T& newScale) {
+        m_scale = static_cast<double>(newScale);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#define DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX \
+    template <typename T> friend typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, bool>::type
+
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return operator==(double(lhs), rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+#undef DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+private:
+    double m_epsilon;
+    double m_scale;
+    double m_value;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const ContextOptions* getContextOptions();
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+namespace detail {
+    // clang-format off
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array       { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T, unsigned N>   struct decay_array<T[N]> { typedef T* type; };
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array<T[]>  { typedef T* type; };
+
+    template<class T>   struct not_char_pointer              { enum { value = 1 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<char*>       { enum { value = 0 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<const char*> { enum { value = 0 }; };
+
+    template<class T> struct can_use_op : public not_char_pointer<typename decay_array<T>::type> {};
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestFailureException
+    {
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at);
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void throwException();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Subcase
+    {
+        SubcaseSignature m_signature;
+        bool             m_entered = false;
+
+        Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line);
+        ~Subcase();
+
+        operator bool() const;
+    };
+
+    template <typename L, typename R>
+    String stringifyBinaryExpr(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const char* op,
+                               const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        return toString(lhs) + op + toString(rhs);
+    }
+
+#define DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(op, op_str, op_macro)                              \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE Result operator op(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        bool res = op_macro(lhs, rhs);                                                             \
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_false)                                                            \
+            res = !res;                                                                            \
+        if(!res || doctest::getContextOptions()->success)                                          \
+            return Result(res, stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, op_str, rhs));                             \
+        return Result(res);                                                                        \
+    }
+
+    // more checks could be added - like in Catch:
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1480/files
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1481/files
+#define DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(rt, op)                                                          \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    rt& operator op(const R&) {                                                                    \
+        static_assert(deferred_false<R>::value,                                                    \
+                      "Expression Too Complex Please Rewrite As Binary Comparison!");              \
+        return *this;                                                                              \
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Result
+    {
+        bool   m_passed;
+        String m_decomp;
+
+        Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition = String());
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ==)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, !=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |=)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39479163 what's the difference between 4018 and 4389
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4388) // signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4389) // 'operator' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4018) // 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    //DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4805) // 'operation' : unsafe mix of type 'type' and type 'type' in operation
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    // clang-format off
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE bool
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE typename enable_if<can_use_op<L>::value || can_use_op<R>::value, bool>::type
+    inline bool eq(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) == String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ne(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) != String(rhs); }
+    inline bool lt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool gt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool le(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <= String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ge(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >= String(rhs); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(name, op)                                                            \
+    template <typename L, typename R>                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE name(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,                             \
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        return lhs op rhs;                                                                         \
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(eq, ==)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ne, !=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(lt, <)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(gt, >)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(le, <=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ge, >=)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) l == r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) l != r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) l > r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) l < r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) l >= r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) l <= r
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) eq(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) ne(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) gt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) lt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) ge(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) le(l, r)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+
+    template <typename L>
+    // cppcheck-suppress copyCtorAndEqOperator
+    struct Expression_lhs
+    {
+        L                lhs;
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        explicit Expression_lhs(L in, assertType::Enum at)
+                : lhs(in)
+                , m_at(at) {}
+
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE operator Result() {
+            bool res = !!lhs;
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                res = !res;
+
+            if(!res || getContextOptions()->success)
+                return Result(res, toString(lhs));
+            return Result(res);
+        }
+
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(==, " == ", DOCTEST_CMP_EQ) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(!=, " != ", DOCTEST_CMP_NE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>,  " >  ", DOCTEST_CMP_GT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<,  " <  ", DOCTEST_CMP_LT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>=, " >= ", DOCTEST_CMP_GE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<=, " <= ", DOCTEST_CMP_LE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        // clang-format on
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |=)
+        // these 2 are unfortunate because they should be allowed - they have higher precedence over the comparisons, but the
+        // ExpressionDecomposer class uses the left shift operator to capture the left operand of the binary expression...
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ExpressionDecomposer
+    {
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at);
+
+        // The right operator for capturing expressions is "<=" instead of "<<" (based on the operator precedence table)
+        // but then there will be warnings from GCC about "-Wparentheses" and since "_Pragma()" is problematic this will stay for now...
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/870
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/565
+        template <typename L>
+        Expression_lhs<const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L)> operator<<(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) operand) {
+            return Expression_lhs<const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L)>(operand, m_at);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestSuite
+    {
+        const char* m_test_suite;
+        const char* m_description;
+        bool        m_skip;
+        bool        m_may_fail;
+        bool        m_should_fail;
+        int         m_expected_failures;
+        double      m_timeout;
+
+        TestSuite& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestSuite& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    typedef void (*funcType)();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCase : public TestCaseData
+    {
+        funcType m_test; // a function pointer to the test case
+
+        const char* m_type; // for templated test cases - gets appended to the real name
+        int m_template_id; // an ID used to distinguish between the different versions of a templated test case
+        String m_full_name; // contains the name (only for templated test cases!) + the template type
+
+        TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                 const char* type = "", int template_id = -1);
+
+        TestCase(const TestCase& other);
+
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+        TestCase& operator=(const TestCase& other);
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+        TestCase& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestCase& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(const TestCase& other) const;
+    };
+
+    // forward declarations of functions used by the macros
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  regTest(const TestCase& tc);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool isDebuggerActive();
+
+    template<typename T>
+    int instantiationHelper(const T&) { return 0; }
+
+    namespace binaryAssertComparison {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            eq = 0,
+            ne,
+            gt,
+            lt,
+            ge,
+            le
+        };
+    } // namespace binaryAssertComparison
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template <int, class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator     { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L),     const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R)    ) const { return false;        } };
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(n, op) \
+    template <class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator<n, L, R> { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) const { return op(lhs, rhs); } };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(0, eq)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(1, ne)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(2, gt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(3, lt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(4, ge)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(5, le)
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ResultBuilder : public AssertData
+    {
+        ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                      const char* exception_type = "", const char* exception_string = "");
+
+        void setResult(const Result& res);
+
+        template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                            const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+            m_failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs);
+        }
+
+        template <typename L>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+            m_failed = !val;
+
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                m_failed = !m_failed;
+
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = toString(val);
+        }
+
+        void translateException();
+
+        bool log();
+        void react() const;
+    };
+
+    namespace assertAction {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            nothing     = 0,
+            dbgbreak    = 1,
+            shouldthrow = 2
+        };
+    } // namespace assertAction
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                         const char* expr, Result result);
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(decomp)                                                        \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!is_running_in_test) {                                                                  \
+            if(failed) {                                                                           \
+                ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                            \
+                rb.m_failed = failed;                                                              \
+                rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                              \
+                failed_out_of_a_testing_context(rb);                                               \
+                if(isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks)                          \
+                    DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                 \
+                if(checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                         \
+                    throwException();                                                              \
+            }                                                                                      \
+            return;                                                                                \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(decomp)                                                            \
+    ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                                        \
+    rb.m_failed = failed;                                                                          \
+    if(rb.m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)                                                \
+        rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                                      \
+    if(rb.log())                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    if(rb.m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                      \
+    throwException()
+
+    template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        bool failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+    }
+
+    template <typename L>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                       const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+        bool failed = !val;
+
+        if(at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            failed = !failed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(toString(val));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(toString(val));
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IExceptionTranslator
+    {
+        IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual bool translate(String&) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ExceptionTranslator : public IExceptionTranslator //!OCLINT destructor of virtual class
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit ExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T))
+                : m_translateFunction(translateFunction) {}
+
+        bool translate(String& res) const override {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            try {
+                throw; // lgtm [cpp/rethrow-no-exception]
+                // cppcheck-suppress catchExceptionByValue
+            } catch(T ex) {                    // NOLINT
+                res = m_translateFunction(ex); //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            } catch(...) {} //!OCLINT -  empty catch statement
+#endif                      // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            ((void)res);    // to silence -Wunused-parameter
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        String (*m_translateFunction)(T);
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et);
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringStreamBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << toString(in);
+        }
+
+        // always treat char* as a string in this context - no matter
+        // if DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING is defined
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << String(in); }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringStreamBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << in;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringStream : public StringStreamBase<has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+    {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const T& value) {
+        StringStream<T>::convert(s, value);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in);
+
+    // ContextScope base class used to allow implementing methods of ContextScope 
+    // that don't depend on the template parameter in doctest.cpp.
+    class DOCTEST_INTERFACE ContextScopeBase : public IContextScope {
+    protected:
+        ContextScopeBase();
+
+        void destroy();
+    };
+
+    template <typename L> class ContextScope : public ContextScopeBase
+    {
+        const L &lambda_;
+
+    public:
+        explicit ContextScope(const L &lambda) : lambda_(lambda) {}
+
+        ContextScope(ContextScope &&other) : lambda_(other.lambda_) {}
+
+        void stringify(std::ostream* s) const override { lambda_(s); }
+
+        ~ContextScope() override { destroy(); }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageBuilder : public MessageData
+    {
+        std::ostream* m_stream;
+
+        MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity);
+        MessageBuilder() = delete;
+        ~MessageBuilder();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        MessageBuilder& operator<<(const T& in) {
+            toStream(m_stream, in);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool log();
+        void react();
+    };
+    
+    template <typename L>
+    ContextScope<L> MakeContextScope(const L &lambda) {
+        return ContextScope<L>(lambda);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(name, type, def)                                                  \
+    struct name                                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                              \
+        type data;                                                                                 \
+        name(type in = def)                                                                        \
+                : data(in) {}                                                                      \
+        void fill(detail::TestCase& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }           \
+        void fill(detail::TestSuite& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }          \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(test_suite, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(description, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(skip, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(timeout, double, 0);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(may_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(should_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(expected_failures, int, 0);
+
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T)) {
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+    static detail::ExceptionTranslator<T> exceptionTranslator(translateFunction);
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    detail::registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(&exceptionTranslator);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// in a separate namespace outside of doctest because the DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE macro
+// introduces an anonymous namespace in which getCurrentTestSuite gets overridden
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite();
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*)(T)) {
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef void (*assert_handler)(const AssertData&);
+    struct ContextState;
+} // namespace detail
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Context
+{
+    detail::ContextState* p;
+
+    void parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults = false);
+
+public:
+    explicit Context(int argc = 0, const char* const* argv = nullptr);
+
+    ~Context();
+
+    void applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv);
+
+    void addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value);
+    void clearFilters();
+    void setOption(const char* option, int value);
+    void setOption(const char* option, const char* value);
+
+    bool shouldExit();
+
+    void setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases();
+
+    void setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah);
+
+    int run();
+};
+
+namespace TestCaseFailureReason {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None                     = 0,
+        AssertFailure            = 1,   // an assertion has failed in the test case
+        Exception                = 2,   // test case threw an exception
+        Crash                    = 4,   // a crash...
+        TooManyFailedAsserts     = 8,   // the abort-after option
+        Timeout                  = 16,  // see the timeout decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt = 32,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedAndDid   = 64,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        DidntFailExactlyNumTimes = 128, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        FailedExactlyNumTimes    = 256, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        CouldHaveFailedAndDid    = 512  // see the may_fail decorator
+    };
+} // namespace TestCaseFailureReason
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE CurrentTestCaseStats
+{
+    int    numAssertsCurrentTest;
+    int    numAssertsFailedCurrentTest;
+    double seconds;
+    int    failure_flags; // use TestCaseFailureReason::Enum
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseException
+{
+    String error_string;
+    bool   is_crash;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestRunStats
+{
+    unsigned numTestCases;
+    unsigned numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestSuitesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestCasesFailed;
+    int      numAsserts;
+    int      numAssertsFailed;
+};
+
+struct QueryData
+{
+    const TestRunStats*  run_stats = nullptr;
+    const TestCaseData** data      = nullptr;
+    unsigned             num_data  = 0;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IReporter
+{
+    // The constructor has to accept "const ContextOptions&" as a single argument
+    // which has most of the options for the run + a pointer to the stdout stream
+    // Reporter(const ContextOptions& in)
+
+    // called when a query should be reported (listing test cases, printing the version, etc.)
+    virtual void report_query(const QueryData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when the whole test run starts
+    virtual void test_run_start() = 0;
+    // called when the whole test run ends (caching a pointer to the input doesn't make sense here)
+    virtual void test_run_end(const TestRunStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is started (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_start(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case is reentered because of unfinished subcases (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case has ended
+    virtual void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when an exception is thrown from the test case (or it crashes)
+    virtual void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException&) = 0;
+
+    // called whenever a subcase is entered (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature&) = 0;
+    // called whenever a subcase is exited (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_end() = 0;
+
+    // called for each assert (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_assert(const AssertData&) = 0;
+    // called for each message (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_message(const MessageData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is skipped either because it doesn't pass the filters, has a skip decorator
+    // or isn't in the execution range (between first and last) (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+
+    // doctest will not be managing the lifetimes of reporters given to it but this would still be nice to have
+    virtual ~IReporter();
+
+    // can obtain all currently active contexts and stringify them if one wishes to do so
+    static int                         get_num_active_contexts();
+    static const IContextScope* const* get_active_contexts();
+
+    // can iterate through contexts which have been stringified automatically in their destructors when an exception has been thrown
+    static int           get_num_stringified_contexts();
+    static const String* get_stringified_contexts();
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef IReporter* (*reporterCreatorFunc)(const ContextOptions&);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int prio, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter);
+
+    template <typename Reporter>
+    IReporter* reporterCreator(const ContextOptions& o) {
+        return new Reporter(o);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Reporter>
+int registerReporter(const char* name, int priority, bool isReporter) {
+    detail::registerReporterImpl(name, priority, detail::reporterCreator<Reporter>, isReporter);
+    return 0;
+}
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// if registering is not disabled
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// common code in asserts - for convenience
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(b)                                                            \
+    if(b.log())                                                                                    \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    b.react()
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x) x;
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x)                                                                     \
+    try {                                                                                          \
+        x;                                                                                         \
+    } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...)                                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wuseless-cast")                                       \
+    static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__);                                                                \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...) __VA_ARGS__;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+
+// registers the test by initializing a dummy var with a function
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(global_prefix, f, decorators)                                    \
+    global_prefix DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =              \
+            doctest::detail::regTest(                                                              \
+                    doctest::detail::TestCase(                                                     \
+                            f, __FILE__, __LINE__,                                                 \
+                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite()) *                 \
+                    decorators);                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, decorators)                                     \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            void f();                                                                              \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        static void func() {                                                                       \
+            der v;                                                                                 \
+            v.f();                                                                                 \
+        }                                                                                          \
+        DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, func, decorators)                                 \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    inline DOCTEST_NOINLINE void der::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f();                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(f, proxy, decorators)                        \
+    static doctest::detail::funcType proxy() { return f; }                                         \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(inline const, proxy(), decorators)                                   \
+    static void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(decorators)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for registering tests in classes - requires C++17 for inline variables!
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L || (DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 12, 0) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(decorators)                                                        \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_),          \
+                                                  DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_PROXY_),         \
+                                                  decorators)
+#else // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(...)                                                               \
+    TEST_CASES_CAN_BE_REGISTERED_IN_CLASSES_ONLY_IN_CPP17_MODE_OR_WITH_VS_2017_OR_NEWER
+#endif // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(c, decorators)                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), c,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)                                                           \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    inline const char* type_to_string<__VA_ARGS__>() {                                             \
+        return "<" #__VA_ARGS__ ">";                                                               \
+    }
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...)                                                                \
+    namespace doctest { namespace detail {                                                         \
+            DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__)                                               \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, iter, func)                                 \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func();                                                                            \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename Tuple>                                                                  \
+        struct iter;                                                                               \
+        template <typename Type, typename... Rest>                                                 \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<Type, Rest...>>                                                     \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char* file, unsigned line, int index) {                                     \
+                doctest::detail::regTest(doctest::detail::TestCase(func<Type>, file, line,         \
+                                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite(),   \
+                                            doctest::detail::type_to_string<Type>(),               \
+                                            int(line) * 1000 + index)                              \
+                                         * dec);                                                   \
+                iter<std::tuple<Rest...>>(file, line, index + 1);                                  \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        template <>                                                                                \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<>>                                                                  \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char*, unsigned, int) {}                                                    \
+        };                                                                                         \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(dec, T, id)                                              \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR),                      \
+                                           DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_))
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, anon, ...)                                 \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_CAT(anon, DUMMY)) =                                         \
+        doctest::detail::instantiationHelper(DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR)<__VA_ARGS__>(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0));\
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, anon, ...)                                         \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(anon, ITERATOR), anon);             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(anon, anon, std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>)               \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void anon()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(dec, T, ...)                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)                                                                      \
+    if(const doctest::detail::Subcase & DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUBCASE_) DOCTEST_UNUSED = \
+               doctest::detail::Subcase(name, __FILE__, __LINE__))
+
+// for grouping tests in test suites by using code blocks
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, ns_name)                                               \
+    namespace ns_name { namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {                                   \
+            static DOCTEST_NOINLINE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {            \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4640)                                      \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")                \
+                static doctest::detail::TestSuite data;                                            \
+                static bool                       inited = false;                                  \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                 \
+                if(!inited) {                                                                      \
+                    data* decorators;                                                              \
+                    inited = true;                                                                 \
+                }                                                                                  \
+                return data;                                                                       \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    namespace ns_name
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(decorators)                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUITE_))
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(decorators)                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * decorators);              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END                                                                     \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * "");                      \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering exception translators
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(translatorName, signature)                      \
+    inline doctest::String translatorName(signature);                                              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)) =                     \
+            doctest::registerExceptionTranslator(translatorName);                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    doctest::String translatorName(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_),       \
+                                               signature)
+
+// for registering reporters
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, true);                             \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering listeners
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, false);                            \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for logging
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(expression)                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_),  \
+                      DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), expression)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(lambda_name, mb_name, s_name, expression)                                \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4626)                                                  \
+    auto lambda_name = [&](std::ostream* s_name) {                                                 \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb_name(__FILE__, __LINE__, doctest::assertType::is_warn); \
+        mb_name.m_stream = s_name;                                                                 \
+        mb_name << expression;                                                                     \
+    };                                                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                              \
+    auto DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_) = doctest::detail::MakeContextScope(lambda_name)
+
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) DOCTEST_INFO(#x " := " << x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(type, file, line, mb, x)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb(file, line, doctest::assertType::type);                 \
+        mb << x;                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(mb);                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_warn, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_check, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_require, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(x) DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(x) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(x) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE(...) __VA_ARGS__ // Not removed to keep backwards compatibility.
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,         \
+                                               __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                            \
+    DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.setResult(                                                     \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+            << __VA_ARGS__))                                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB)                                                      \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, __VA_ARGS__);                                      \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+// necessary for <ASSERT>_MESSAGE
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2 DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::decomp_assert(                                                                \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__,                    \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+                    << __VA_ARGS__) DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, assert_type, message, ...)                                  \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, #expr, #__VA_ARGS__, message);    \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(const doctest::detail::remove_const<                                           \
+                    doctest::detail::remove_reference<__VA_ARGS__>::type>::type&) {                \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.translateException();                                                  \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.m_threw_as = true;                                                     \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, expr_str, assert_type, ...)                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, expr_str, "", __VA_ARGS__);       \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(assert_type, ...)                                                   \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        try {                                                                                      \
+            DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(__VA_ARGS__)                                                      \
+        } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                         \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_WARN_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_CHECK_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS, "")
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_WARN_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_CHECK_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comp, ...)                                              \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(                                                                       \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comp>(          \
+                        __VA_ARGS__))                                                              \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.unary_assert(__VA_ARGS__))                                 \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comparison, ...)                                        \
+    doctest::detail::binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comparison>(           \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    doctest::detail::unary_assert(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__,            \
+                                  #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == WHAT FOLLOWS IS VERSIONS OF THE MACROS THAT DO NOT DO ANY REGISTERING!                      ==
+// == THIS CAN BE ENABLED BY DEFINING DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE GLOBALLY!                            ==
+// =================================================================================================
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, name)                                           \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                           \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        { void f(); };                                                                             \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    inline void der<DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, name)                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(name)                                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests in classes
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(name)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(x, name)                                                         \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), x,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)
+
+// for typed tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(name, type, ...)                                                \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, type, id)                                          \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)
+
+// for a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(name) namespace
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(name) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline doctest::String DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(x) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+// clang-format off
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY - FORWARDING TO THE RIGHT MACROS
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ             DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ            DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE             DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE            DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT             DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT            DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT             DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT            DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE             DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE            DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE             DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE            DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY          DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY         DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY       DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE
+// clang-format on
+
+// BDD style macros
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE(name, T, ...)  DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("  Scenario: " name, T, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("  Scenario: " name, T, id)
+
+#define DOCTEST_GIVEN(name)     DOCTEST_SUBCASE("   Given: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_WHEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    When: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_WHEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("And when: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_THEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    Then: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_THEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("     And: " name)
+// clang-format on
+
+// == SHORT VERSIONS OF THE MACROS
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES)
+
+#define TEST_CASE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE
+#define TEST_CASE_CLASS DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define TEST_CASE_FIXTURE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE
+#define TYPE_TO_STRING DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY
+#define SUBCASE DOCTEST_SUBCASE
+#define TEST_SUITE DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE
+#define TEST_SUITE_BEGIN DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN
+#define TEST_SUITE_END DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END
+#define REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR
+#define REGISTER_REPORTER DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER
+#define REGISTER_LISTENER DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER
+#define INFO DOCTEST_INFO
+#define CAPTURE DOCTEST_CAPTURE
+#define ADD_MESSAGE_AT DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT
+#define ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT
+#define ADD_FAIL_AT DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT
+#define MESSAGE DOCTEST_MESSAGE
+#define FAIL_CHECK DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK
+#define FAIL DOCTEST_FAIL
+#define TO_LVALUE DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE
+
+#define WARN DOCTEST_WARN
+#define WARN_FALSE DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE
+#define WARN_THROWS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define WARN_NOTHROW DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#define CHECK DOCTEST_CHECK
+#define CHECK_FALSE DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE
+#define CHECK_THROWS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#define REQUIRE DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#define WARN_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#define SCENARIO DOCTEST_SCENARIO
+#define SCENARIO_CLASS DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#define GIVEN DOCTEST_GIVEN
+#define WHEN DOCTEST_WHEN
+#define AND_WHEN DOCTEST_AND_WHEN
+#define THEN DOCTEST_THEN
+#define AND_THEN DOCTEST_AND_THEN
+
+#define WARN_EQ DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define CHECK_EQ DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define REQUIRE_EQ DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define WARN_NE DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define CHECK_NE DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define REQUIRE_NE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define WARN_GT DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define CHECK_GT DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define REQUIRE_GT DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define WARN_LT DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define CHECK_LT DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define REQUIRE_LT DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define WARN_GE DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define CHECK_GE DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define REQUIRE_GE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define WARN_LE DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define CHECK_LE DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define REQUIRE_LE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#define WARN_UNARY DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define CHECK_UNARY DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define WARN_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define CHECK_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
+#define FAST_WARN_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ
+#define FAST_CHECK_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define FAST_WARN_NE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE
+#define FAST_CHECK_NE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_NE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define FAST_WARN_GT DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT
+#define FAST_CHECK_GT DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GT DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define FAST_WARN_LT DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT
+#define FAST_CHECK_LT DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LT DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define FAST_WARN_GE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE
+#define FAST_CHECK_GE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define FAST_WARN_LE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE
+#define FAST_CHECK_LE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// this is here to clear the 'current test suite' for the current translation unit - at the top
+DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END();
+
+// add stringification for primitive/fundamental types
+namespace doctest { namespace detail {
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(bool)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(float)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(signed char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned char)
+#if !DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(wchar_t)
+#endif // not MSVC or wchar_t support enabled
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long long int)
+}} // namespace doctest::detail
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#define DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT) || !defined(DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#include "doctest_fwd.h"
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wunused-macros")
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wglobal-constructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wshorten-64-to-32")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-variable-declarations")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wcovered-switch-default")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-noreturn")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdisabled-macro-expansion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-member-function")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-default")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wold-style-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-function")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmultiple-inheritance")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsuggest-attribute")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4267) // 'var' : conversion from 'x' to 'y', possible loss of data
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4530) // C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics not enabled
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4577) // 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774) // format string expected in argument is not a string literal
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365) // conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned', signed/unsigned mismatch
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding in structs
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039) // pointer to potentially throwing function passed to extern C
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045) // Spectre mitigation stuff
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4800) // forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtor...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN
+
+// required includes - will go only in one translation unit!
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <climits>
+// borland (Embarcadero) compiler requires math.h and not cmath - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/pull/37
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#include <math.h>
+#endif // __BORLANDC__
+#include <new>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <exception>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#include <csignal>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// defines for a leaner windows.h
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif // WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif // NOMINMAX
+
+// not sure what AfxWin.h is for - here I do what Catch does
+#ifdef __AFXDLL
+#include <AfxWin.h>
+#else
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+#include <windows.h>
+#else // MINGW
+#include <Windows.h>
+#endif // MINGW
+#endif
+#include <io.h>
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// this is a fix for https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/348
+// https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2012-January/msg00000.html
+#if !defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined(STDOUT_FILENO)
+#define STDOUT_FILENO fileno(stdout)
+#endif // HAVE_UNISTD_H
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END
+
+// counts the number of elements in a C array
+#define DOCTEST_COUNTOF(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_disabled
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_not_disabled
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "dt-"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL
+#define DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL thread_local
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#else
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY ""
+#endif
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+bool is_running_in_test = false;
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // case insensitive strcmp
+    int stricmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        for(;; a++, b++) {
+            const int d = tolower(*a) - tolower(*b);
+            if(d != 0 || !*a)
+                return d;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String fpToString(T value, int precision) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << std::setprecision(precision) << std::fixed << value;
+        std::string d = oss.str();
+        size_t      i = d.find_last_not_of('0');
+        if(i != std::string::npos && i != d.size() - 1) {
+            if(d[i] == '.')
+                i++;
+            d = d.substr(0, i + 1);
+        }
+        return d.c_str();
+    }
+
+    struct Endianness
+    {
+        enum Arch
+        {
+            Big,
+            Little
+        };
+
+        static Arch which() {
+            int x = 1;
+            // casting any data pointer to char* is allowed
+            auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
+            if(*ptr)
+                return Little;
+            return Big;
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num) { memcpy(dest, src, num); }
+
+    String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size) {
+        // Reverse order for little endian architectures
+        int i = 0, end = static_cast<int>(size), inc = 1;
+        if(Endianness::which() == Endianness::Little) {
+            i   = end - 1;
+            end = inc = -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned const char* bytes = static_cast<unsigned const char*>(object);
+        std::ostringstream   oss;
+        oss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+        for(; i != end; i += inc)
+            oss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+        return oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream g_oss; // NOLINT(cert-err58-cpp)
+
+    std::ostream* getTlsOss() {
+        g_oss.clear(); // there shouldn't be anything worth clearing in the flags
+        g_oss.str(""); // the slow way of resetting a string stream
+        //g_oss.seekp(0); // optimal reset - as seen here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return &g_oss;
+    }
+
+    String getTlsOssResult() {
+        //g_oss << std::ends; // needed - as shown here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return g_oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace timer_large_integer
+{
+    
+#if defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    typedef ULONGLONG type;
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    using namespace std;
+    typedef uint64_t type;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+}
+
+typedef timer_large_integer::type ticks_t;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() { return DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS(); }
+#elif defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        static LARGE_INTEGER hz = {0}, hzo = {0};
+        if(!hz.QuadPart) {
+            QueryPerformanceFrequency(&hz);
+            QueryPerformanceCounter(&hzo);
+        }
+        LARGE_INTEGER t;
+        QueryPerformanceCounter(&t);
+        return ((t.QuadPart - hzo.QuadPart) * LONGLONG(1000000)) / hz.QuadPart;
+    }
+#else  // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        timeval t;
+        gettimeofday(&t, nullptr);
+        return static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_sec) * 1000000 + static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_usec);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct Timer
+    {
+        void         start() { m_ticks = getCurrentTicks(); }
+        unsigned int getElapsedMicroseconds() const {
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks);
+        }
+        //unsigned int getElapsedMilliseconds() const {
+        //    return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds() / 1000);
+        //}
+        double getElapsedSeconds() const { return static_cast<double>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks) / 1000000.0; }
+
+    private:
+        ticks_t m_ticks = 0;
+    };
+
+    // this holds both parameters from the command line and runtime data for tests
+    struct ContextState : ContextOptions, TestRunStats, CurrentTestCaseStats
+    {
+        std::atomic<int> numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+        std::atomic<int> numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+        std::vector<std::vector<String>> filters = decltype(filters)(9); // 9 different filters
+
+        std::vector<IReporter*> reporters_currently_used;
+
+        const TestCase* currentTest = nullptr;
+
+        assert_handler ah = nullptr;
+
+        Timer timer;
+
+        std::vector<String> stringifiedContexts; // logging from INFO() due to an exception
+
+        // stuff for subcases
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature>     subcasesStack;
+        std::set<decltype(subcasesStack)> subcasesPassed;
+        int                               subcasesCurrentMaxLevel;
+        bool                              should_reenter;
+        std::atomic<bool>                 shouldLogCurrentException;
+
+        void resetRunData() {
+            numTestCases                = 0;
+            numTestCasesPassingFilters  = 0;
+            numTestSuitesPassingFilters = 0;
+            numTestCasesFailed          = 0;
+            numAsserts                  = 0;
+            numAssertsFailed            = 0;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = 0;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = 0;
+        }
+
+        void finalizeTestCaseData() {
+            seconds = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+
+            // update the non-atomic counters
+            numAsserts += numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailed += numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+            if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+
+            if(Approx(currentTest->m_timeout).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) != 0 &&
+               Approx(seconds).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) > currentTest->m_timeout)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout;
+
+            if(currentTest->m_should_fail) {
+                if(failure_flags) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt;
+                }
+            } else if(failure_flags && currentTest->m_may_fail) {
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+            } else if(currentTest->m_expected_failures > 0) {
+                if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest == currentTest->m_expected_failures) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool ok_to_fail = (TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes & failure_flags);
+
+            // if any subcase has failed - the whole test case has failed
+            if(failure_flags && !ok_to_fail)
+                numTestCasesFailed++;
+        }
+    };
+
+    ContextState* g_cs = nullptr;
+
+    // used to avoid locks for the debug output
+    // TODO: figure out if this is indeed necessary/correct - seems like either there still
+    // could be a race or that there wouldn't be a race even if using the context directly
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL bool g_no_colors;
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+} // namespace detail
+
+void String::setOnHeap() { *reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buf[last]) = 128; }
+void String::setLast(unsigned in) { buf[last] = char(in); }
+
+void String::copy(const String& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(other.isOnStack()) {
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = other.data.size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, other.data.ptr, data.size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String() {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    setLast();
+}
+
+String::~String() {
+    if(!isOnStack())
+        delete[] data.ptr;
+}
+
+String::String(const char* in)
+        : String(in, strlen(in)) {}
+
+String::String(const char* in, unsigned in_size) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(in_size <= last) {
+        memcpy(buf, in, in_size + 1);
+        setLast(last - in_size);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = in_size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, in, in_size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String(const String& other) { copy(other); }
+
+String& String::operator=(const String& other) {
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+
+        copy(other);
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String& String::operator+=(const String& other) {
+    const unsigned my_old_size = size();
+    const unsigned other_size  = other.size();
+    const unsigned total_size  = my_old_size + other_size;
+    using namespace std;
+    if(isOnStack()) {
+        if(total_size < len) {
+            // append to the current stack space
+            memcpy(buf + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+            setLast(last - total_size);
+        } else {
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[total_size + 1];
+            // copy current data to new location before writing in the union
+            memcpy(temp, buf, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // update data in union
+            setOnHeap();
+            data.size     = total_size;
+            data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+            data.ptr      = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if(data.capacity > total_size) {
+            // append to the current heap block
+            data.size = total_size;
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        } else {
+            // resize
+            data.capacity *= 2;
+            if(data.capacity <= total_size)
+                data.capacity = total_size + 1;
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[data.capacity];
+            // copy current data to new location before releasing it
+            memcpy(temp, data.ptr, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // release old chunk
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+            // update the rest of the union members
+            data.size = total_size;
+            data.ptr  = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String String::operator+(const String& other) const { return String(*this) += other; }
+
+String::String(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    other.buf[0] = '\0';
+    other.setLast();
+}
+
+String& String::operator=(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+        other.buf[0] = '\0';
+        other.setLast();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+char String::operator[](unsigned i) const {
+    return const_cast<String*>(this)->operator[](i); // NOLINT
+}
+
+char& String::operator[](unsigned i) {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf)[i];
+    return data.ptr[i];
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+unsigned String::size() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return last - (unsigned(buf[last]) & 31); // using "last" would work only if "len" is 32
+    return data.size;
+}
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+unsigned String::capacity() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return len;
+    return data.capacity;
+}
+
+int String::compare(const char* other, bool no_case) const {
+    if(no_case)
+        return doctest::stricmp(c_str(), other);
+    return std::strcmp(c_str(), other);
+}
+
+int String::compare(const String& other, bool no_case) const {
+    return compare(other.c_str(), no_case);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0; }
+bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0; }
+bool operator< (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0; }
+bool operator> (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0; }
+bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) < 0 : true; }
+bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) > 0 : true; }
+// clang-format on
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in) { return s << in.c_str(); }
+
+namespace {
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream&, Color::Enum) DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED({}, ;)
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Color {
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        color_to_stream(s, code);
+        return s;
+    }
+} // namespace Color
+
+// clang-format off
+const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4062) // enum 'x' in switch of enum 'y' is not handled
+    switch(at) {  //!OCLINT missing default in switch statements
+        case assertType::DT_WARN                    : return "WARN";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK                   : return "CHECK";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE                 : return "REQUIRE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_FALSE              : return "WARN_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_FALSE             : return "CHECK_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_FALSE           : return "REQUIRE_FALSE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS             : return "WARN_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS            : return "CHECK_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS          : return "REQUIRE_THROWS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_AS          : return "WARN_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS         : return "CHECK_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS       : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH        : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH       : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH     : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS     : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS    : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS  : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NOTHROW            : return "WARN_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NOTHROW           : return "CHECK_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW         : return "REQUIRE_NOTHROW";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_EQ                 : return "WARN_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_EQ                : return "CHECK_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_EQ              : return "REQUIRE_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NE                 : return "WARN_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NE                : return "CHECK_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NE              : return "REQUIRE_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GT                 : return "WARN_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GT                : return "CHECK_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GT              : return "REQUIRE_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LT                 : return "WARN_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LT                : return "CHECK_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LT              : return "REQUIRE_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GE                 : return "WARN_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GE                : return "CHECK_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GE              : return "REQUIRE_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LE                 : return "WARN_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LE                : return "CHECK_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LE              : return "REQUIRE_LE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY              : return "WARN_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY             : return "CHECK_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY           : return "REQUIRE_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE        : return "WARN_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE       : return "CHECK_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE     : return "REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE";
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    return "";
+}
+// clang-format on
+
+const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    if(at & assertType::is_warn) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "WARNING";
+    if(at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "ERROR";
+    if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "FATAL ERROR";
+    return "";
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+// depending on the current options this will remove the path of filenames
+const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file) {
+    if(getContextOptions()->no_path_in_filenames) {
+        auto back    = std::strrchr(file, '\\');
+        auto forward = std::strrchr(file, '/');
+        if(back || forward) {
+            if(back > forward)
+                forward = back;
+            return forward + 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return file;
+}
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+bool SubcaseSignature::operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const {
+    if(m_line != other.m_line)
+        return m_line < other.m_line;
+    if(std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) != 0)
+        return std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) < 0;
+    return m_name.compare(other.m_name) < 0;
+}
+
+IContextScope::IContextScope()  = default;
+IContextScope::~IContextScope() = default;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(char* in) { return toString(static_cast<const char*>(in)); }
+String toString(const char* in) { return String("\"") + (in ? in : "{null string}") + "\""; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(bool in) { return in ? "true" : "false"; }
+String toString(float in) { return fpToString(in, 5) + "f"; }
+String toString(double in) { return fpToString(in, 10); }
+String toString(double long in) { return fpToString(in, 15); }
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(type, fmt)                                                      \
+    String toString(type in) {                                                                     \
+        char buf[64];                                                                              \
+        std::sprintf(buf, fmt, in);                                                                \
+        return buf;                                                                                \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char signed, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long, "%ld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long unsigned, "%lu")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long, "%lld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long unsigned, "%llu")
+
+String toString(std::nullptr_t) { return "NULL"; }
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+String toString(const std::string& in) { return in.c_str(); }
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+Approx::Approx(double value)
+        : m_epsilon(static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) * 100)
+        , m_scale(1.0)
+        , m_value(value) {}
+
+Approx Approx::operator()(double value) const {
+    Approx approx(value);
+    approx.epsilon(m_epsilon);
+    approx.scale(m_scale);
+    return approx;
+}
+
+Approx& Approx::epsilon(double newEpsilon) {
+    m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+    return *this;
+}
+Approx& Approx::scale(double newScale) {
+    m_scale = newScale;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) {
+    // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining this formula
+    return std::fabs(lhs - rhs.m_value) <
+           rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + std::max<double>(std::fabs(lhs), std::fabs(rhs.m_value)));
+}
+bool operator==(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+bool operator!=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator<(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+
+String toString(const Approx& in) {
+    return String("Approx( ") + doctest::toString(in.m_value) + " )";
+}
+const ContextOptions* getContextOptions() { return DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(nullptr, g_cs); }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+namespace doctest {
+Context::Context(int, const char* const*) {}
+Context::~Context() = default;
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int, const char* const*) {}
+void Context::addFilter(const char*, const char*) {}
+void Context::clearFilters() {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, int) {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, const char*) {}
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return false; }
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() {}
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler) {}
+int  Context::run() { return 0; }
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int                         IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return 0; }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+int                         IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return 0; }
+const String*               IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+
+int registerReporter(const char*, int, IReporter*) { return 0; }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE)
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI)
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS && DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+// holds the current test suite
+doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {
+    static doctest::detail::TestSuite data;
+    return data;
+}
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+namespace {
+    // the int (priority) is part of the key for automatic sorting - sadly one can register a
+    // reporter with a duplicate name and a different priority but hopefully that won't happen often :|
+    typedef std::map<std::pair<int, String>, reporterCreatorFunc> reporterMap;
+
+    reporterMap& getReporters() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+    reporterMap& getListeners() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+#define DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(function, ...)                                           \
+    for(auto& curr_rep : g_cs->reporters_currently_used)                                           \
+    curr_rep->function(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+    bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            return true;
+
+        if((at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+           && getContextOptions()->abort_after > 0 &&
+           (g_cs->numAssertsFailed + g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic) >=
+                   getContextOptions()->abort_after)
+            return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throwException() {
+        g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+        throw TestFailureException();
+    } // NOLINT(cert-err60-cpp)
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    void throwException() {}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+} // namespace detail
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // matching of a string against a wildcard mask (case sensitivity configurable) taken from
+    // https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1088/Wildcard-string-compare-globbing
+    int wildcmp(const char* str, const char* wild, bool caseSensitive) {
+        const char* cp = str;
+        const char* mp = wild;
+
+        while((*str) && (*wild != '*')) {
+            if((caseSensitive ? (*wild != *str) : (tolower(*wild) != tolower(*str))) &&
+               (*wild != '?')) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            wild++;
+            str++;
+        }
+
+        while(*str) {
+            if(*wild == '*') {
+                if(!*++wild) {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                mp = wild;
+                cp = str + 1;
+            } else if((caseSensitive ? (*wild == *str) : (tolower(*wild) == tolower(*str))) ||
+                      (*wild == '?')) {
+                wild++;
+                str++;
+            } else {
+                wild = mp;   //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                str  = cp++; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+            }
+        }
+
+        while(*wild == '*') {
+            wild++;
+        }
+        return !*wild;
+    }
+
+    //// C string hash function (djb2) - taken from http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html
+    //unsigned hashStr(unsigned const char* str) {
+    //    unsigned long hash = 5381;
+    //    char          c;
+    //    while((c = *str++))
+    //        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; // hash * 33 + c
+    //    return hash;
+    //}
+
+    // checks if the name matches any of the filters (and can be configured what to do when empty)
+    bool matchesAny(const char* name, const std::vector<String>& filters, bool matchEmpty,
+                    bool caseSensitive) {
+        if(filters.empty() && matchEmpty)
+            return true;
+        for(auto& curr : filters)
+            if(wildcmp(name, curr.c_str(), caseSensitive))
+                return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    Subcase::Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line)
+            : m_signature({name, file, line}) {
+        ContextState* s = g_cs;
+
+        // check subcase filters
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcase_filter_levels)) {
+            if(!matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[6], true, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+            if(matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[7], false, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+        }
+        
+        // if a Subcase on the same level has already been entered
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel)) {
+            s->should_reenter = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // push the current signature to the stack so we can check if the
+        // current stack + the current new subcase have been traversed
+        s->subcasesStack.push_back(m_signature);
+        if(s->subcasesPassed.count(s->subcasesStack) != 0) {
+            // pop - revert to previous stack since we've already passed this
+            s->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = s->subcasesStack.size();
+        m_entered = true;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_start, m_signature);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    Subcase::~Subcase() {
+        if(m_entered) {
+            // only mark the subcase stack as passed if no subcases have been skipped
+            if(g_cs->should_reenter == false)
+                g_cs->subcasesPassed.insert(g_cs->subcasesStack);
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L
+            if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0
+#else
+            if(std::uncaught_exception()
+#endif
+            && g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException) {
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(
+                        test_case_exception, {"exception thrown in subcase - will translate later "
+                                              "when the whole test case has been exited (cannot "
+                                              "translate while there is an active exception)",
+                                              false});
+                g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+            }
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    Subcase::operator bool() const { return m_entered; }
+
+    Result::Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition)
+            : m_passed(passed)
+            , m_decomp(decomposition) {}
+
+    ExpressionDecomposer::ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at)
+            : m_at(at) {}
+
+    TestSuite& TestSuite::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_test_suite = in;
+        // clear state
+        m_description       = nullptr;
+        m_skip              = false;
+        m_may_fail          = false;
+        m_should_fail       = false;
+        m_expected_failures = 0;
+        m_timeout           = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                       const char* type, int template_id) {
+        m_file              = file;
+        m_line              = line;
+        m_name              = nullptr; // will be later overridden in operator*
+        m_test_suite        = test_suite.m_test_suite;
+        m_description       = test_suite.m_description;
+        m_skip              = test_suite.m_skip;
+        m_may_fail          = test_suite.m_may_fail;
+        m_should_fail       = test_suite.m_should_fail;
+        m_expected_failures = test_suite.m_expected_failures;
+        m_timeout           = test_suite.m_timeout;
+
+        m_test        = test;
+        m_type        = type;
+        m_template_id = template_id;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(const TestCase& other)
+            : TestCaseData() {
+        *this = other;
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26437)           // Do not slice
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator=(const TestCase& other) {
+        static_cast<TestCaseData&>(*this) = static_cast<const TestCaseData&>(other);
+
+        m_test        = other.m_test;
+        m_type        = other.m_type;
+        m_template_id = other.m_template_id;
+        m_full_name   = other.m_full_name;
+
+        if(m_template_id != -1)
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        return *this;
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_name = in;
+        // make a new name with an appended type for templated test case
+        if(m_template_id != -1) {
+            m_full_name = String(m_name) + m_type;
+            // redirect the name to point to the newly constructed full name
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool TestCase::operator<(const TestCase& other) const {
+        if(m_line != other.m_line)
+            return m_line < other.m_line;
+        const int file_cmp = m_file.compare(other.m_file);
+        if(file_cmp != 0)
+            return file_cmp < 0;
+        return m_template_id < other.m_template_id;
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // for sorting tests by file/line
+    bool fileOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        // this is needed because MSVC gives different case for drive letters
+        // for __FILE__ when evaluated in a header and a source file
+        const int res = lhs->m_file.compare(rhs->m_file, bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        if(lhs->m_line != rhs->m_line)
+            return lhs->m_line < rhs->m_line;
+        return lhs->m_template_id < rhs->m_template_id;
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by suite/file/line
+    bool suiteOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_test_suite, rhs->m_test_suite);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return fileOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by name/suite/file/line
+    bool nameOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_name, rhs->m_name);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return suiteOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // all the registered tests
+    std::set<TestCase>& getRegisteredTests() {
+        static std::set<TestCase> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    HANDLE g_stdoutHandle;
+    WORD   g_origFgAttrs;
+    WORD   g_origBgAttrs;
+    bool   g_attrsInitted = false;
+
+    int colors_init() {
+        if(!g_attrsInitted) {
+            g_stdoutHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+            g_attrsInitted = true;
+            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;
+            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(g_stdoutHandle, &csbiInfo);
+            g_origFgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED |
+                                                     BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
+            g_origBgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED |
+                                                     FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int dumy_init_console_colors = colors_init();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        ((void)s);    // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE or DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        ((void)code); // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+        auto col = "";
+        // clang-format off
+            switch(code) { //!OCLINT missing break in switch statement / unnecessary default statement in covered switch statement
+                case Color::Red:         col = "[0;31m"; break;
+                case Color::Green:       col = "[0;32m"; break;
+                case Color::Blue:        col = "[0;34m"; break;
+                case Color::Cyan:        col = "[0;36m"; break;
+                case Color::Yellow:      col = "[0;33m"; break;
+                case Color::Grey:        col = "[1;30m"; break;
+                case Color::LightGrey:   col = "[0;37m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightRed:   col = "[1;31m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightGreen: col = "[1;32m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightWhite: col = "[1;37m"; break;
+                case Color::Bright: // invalid
+                case Color::None:
+                case Color::White:
+                default:                 col = "[0m";
+            }
+        // clang-format on
+        s << "\033" << col;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(fileno(stdout)) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+#define DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(x) SetConsoleTextAttribute(g_stdoutHandle, x | g_origBgAttrs)
+
+        // clang-format off
+        switch (code) {
+            case Color::White:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::Red:         DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED);                                      break;
+            case Color::Green:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN);                                    break;
+            case Color::Blue:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE);                                     break;
+            case Color::Cyan:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                  break;
+            case Color::Yellow:      DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                   break;
+            case Color::Grey:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(0);                                                   break;
+            case Color::LightGrey:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);                                break;
+            case Color::BrightRed:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);               break;
+            case Color::BrightGreen: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);             break;
+            case Color::BrightWhite: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::None:
+            case Color::Bright: // invalid
+            default:                 DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(g_origFgAttrs);
+        }
+            // clang-format on
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    }
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*>& getExceptionTranslators() {
+        static std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    String translateActiveException() {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        String res;
+        auto&  translators = getExceptionTranslators();
+        for(auto& curr : translators)
+            if(curr->translate(res))
+                return res;
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wcatch-value")
+        try {
+            throw;
+        } catch(std::exception& ex) {
+            return ex.what();
+        } catch(std::string& msg) {
+            return msg.c_str();
+        } catch(const char* msg) {
+            return msg;
+        } catch(...) {
+            return "unknown exception";
+        }
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+// clang-format on
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        return "";
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    // used by the macros for registering tests
+    int regTest(const TestCase& tc) {
+        getRegisteredTests().insert(tc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // sets the current test suite
+    int setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts) {
+        doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite() = ts;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE(); }
+#else // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+    // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+    // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+    // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+    // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+    bool isDebuggerActive() {
+        int        mib[4];
+        kinfo_proc info;
+        size_t     size;
+        // Initialize the flags so that, if sysctl fails for some bizarre
+        // reason, we get a predictable result.
+        info.kp_proc.p_flag = 0;
+        // Initialize mib, which tells sysctl the info we want, in this case
+        // we're looking for information about a specific process ID.
+        mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
+        mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
+        mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
+        mib[3] = getpid();
+        // Call sysctl.
+        size = sizeof(info);
+        if(sysctl(mib, DOCTEST_COUNTOF(mib), &info, &size, 0, 0) != 0) {
+            std::cerr << "\nCall to sysctl failed - unable to determine if debugger is active **\n";
+            return false;
+        }
+        // We're being debugged if the P_TRACED flag is set.
+        return ((info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0);
+    }
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return ::IsDebuggerPresent() != 0; }
+#else
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return false; }
+#endif // Platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+
+    void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et) {
+        if(std::find(getExceptionTranslators().begin(), getExceptionTranslators().end(), et) ==
+           getExceptionTranslators().end())
+            getExceptionTranslators().push_back(et);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << in; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in) { *s << std::boolalpha << in << std::noboolalpha; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in) { *s << in; }
+
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::vector<IContextScope*> g_infoContexts; // for logging with INFO()
+
+    ContextScopeBase::ContextScopeBase() {
+        g_infoContexts.push_back(this);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    // destroy cannot be inlined into the destructor because that would mean calling stringify after
+    // ContextScope has been destroyed (base class destructors run after derived class destructors).
+    // Instead, ContextScope calls this method directly from its destructor.
+    void ContextScopeBase::destroy() {
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L
+        if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0) {
+#else
+        if(std::uncaught_exception()) {
+#endif
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            this->stringify(&s);
+            g_cs->stringifiedContexts.push_back(s.str().c_str());
+        }
+        g_infoContexts.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        void reset() {}
+    };
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+    void reportFatal(const std::string&);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        DWORD id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+            {EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+            {EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow"},
+            {EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+            {EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error"},
+    };
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static LONG CALLBACK handleException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                if(ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
+                    reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+            // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            // 32k seems enough for doctest to handle stack overflow,
+            // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
+            guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
+            // Register an unhandled exception filter
+            previousTop = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(handleException);
+            // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
+            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+        }
+
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
+                SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(previousTop);
+                SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+                previousTop = nullptr;
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+
+    private:
+        static bool isSet;
+        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
+        static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previousTop;
+    };
+
+    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
+    LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER FatalConditionHandler::previousTop = nullptr;
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        int         id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {{SIGINT, "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal"},
+                               {SIGILL, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+                               {SIGFPE, "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal"},
+                               {SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+                               {SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal"},
+                               {SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal"}};
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static bool             isSet;
+        static struct sigaction oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)];
+        static stack_t          oldSigStack;
+        static char             altStackMem[4 * SIGSTKSZ];
+
+        static void handleSignal(int sig) {
+            const char* name = "<unknown signal>";
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                SignalDefs& def = signalDefs[i];
+                if(sig == def.id) {
+                    name = def.name;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            reset();
+            reportFatal(name);
+            raise(sig);
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            stack_t sigStack;
+            sigStack.ss_sp    = altStackMem;
+            sigStack.ss_size  = sizeof(altStackMem);
+            sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+            sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+            struct sigaction sa = {};
+            sa.sa_handler       = handleSignal; // NOLINT
+            sa.sa_flags         = SA_ONSTACK;
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
+                for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+                }
+                // Return the old stack
+                sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    bool             FatalConditionHandler::isSet                                      = false;
+    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)] = {};
+    stack_t          FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack                                = {};
+    char             FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[]                              = {};
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) ::OutputDebugStringA(text)
+#else
+    // TODO: integration with XCode and other IDEs
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-unused-macros)
+#endif // Platform
+
+    void addAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+    void addFailedAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    void reportFatal(const std::string& message) {
+        g_cs->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Crash;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception, {message.c_str(), true});
+
+        while(g_cs->subcasesStack.size()) {
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+
+        g_cs->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    ResultBuilder::ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                                 const char* exception_type, const char* exception_string) {
+        m_test_case        = g_cs->currentTest;
+        m_at               = at;
+        m_file             = file;
+        m_line             = line;
+        m_expr             = expr;
+        m_failed           = true;
+        m_threw            = false;
+        m_threw_as         = false;
+        m_exception_type   = exception_type;
+        m_exception_string = exception_string;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+        if(m_expr[0] == ' ') // this happens when variadic macros are disabled under MSVC
+            ++m_expr;
+#endif // MSVC
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::setResult(const Result& res) {
+        m_decomp = res.m_decomp;
+        m_failed = !res.m_passed;
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::translateException() {
+        m_threw     = true;
+        m_exception = translateActiveException();
+    }
+
+    bool ResultBuilder::log() {
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw;
+        } else if((m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) && (m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as || (m_exception != m_exception_string);
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_exception != m_exception_string;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_threw;
+        }
+
+        if(m_exception.size())
+            m_exception = String("\"") + m_exception + "\"";
+
+        if(is_running_in_test) {
+            addAssert(m_at);
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_assert, *this);
+
+            if(m_failed)
+                addFailedAssert(m_at);
+        } else if(m_failed) {
+            failed_out_of_a_testing_context(*this);
+        }
+
+        return m_failed && isDebuggerActive() &&
+               !getContextOptions()->no_breaks; // break into debugger
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::react() const {
+        if(m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(m_at))
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad) {
+        if(g_cs->ah)
+            g_cs->ah(ad);
+        else
+            std::abort();
+    }
+
+    void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                       Result result) {
+        bool failed = !result.m_passed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity) {
+        m_stream   = getTlsOss();
+        m_file     = file;
+        m_line     = line;
+        m_severity = severity;
+    }
+
+    IExceptionTranslator::IExceptionTranslator()  = default;
+    IExceptionTranslator::~IExceptionTranslator() = default;
+
+    bool MessageBuilder::log() {
+        m_string = getTlsOssResult();
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_message, *this);
+
+        const bool isWarn = m_severity & assertType::is_warn;
+
+        // warn is just a message in this context so we don't treat it as an assert
+        if(!isWarn) {
+            addAssert(m_severity);
+            addFailedAssert(m_severity);
+        }
+
+        return isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks && !isWarn; // break
+    }
+
+    void MessageBuilder::react() {
+        if(m_severity & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::~MessageBuilder() = default;
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    template <typename Ex>
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        throw e;
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        std::cerr << "doctest will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
+                  << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        std::terminate();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+#define DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR(msg)                                                                \
+    throw_exception(std::logic_error(                                                              \
+            __FILE__ ":" DOCTEST_TOSTR(__LINE__) ": Internal doctest error: " msg))
+#endif // DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+
+    // clang-format off
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    class XmlEncode {
+    public:
+        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+
+        XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
+
+        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+
+    private:
+        std::string m_str;
+        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+    };
+
+    class XmlWriter {
+    public:
+
+        class ScopedElement {
+        public:
+            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer );
+
+            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+
+            ~ScopedElement();
+
+            ScopedElement& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+            template<typename T>
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            mutable XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os = std::cout );
+        ~XmlWriter();
+
+        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+
+        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        XmlWriter& endElement();
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+        std::stringstream rss;
+            rss << attribute;
+            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
+        }
+
+        XmlWriter& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeComment( std::string const& text );
+
+        //void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeBlankLine();
+
+        void ensureTagClosed();
+
+    private:
+
+        void writeDeclaration();
+
+        void newlineIfNecessary();
+
+        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+        std::string m_indent;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+    };
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+using uchar = unsigned char;
+
+namespace {
+
+    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return c & 0x1F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return c & 0x0F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return c & 0x07;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
+        os << "\\x"
+            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+            << static_cast<int>(c);
+        os.flags(f);
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+    XmlEncode::XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat )
+    :   m_str( str ),
+        m_forWhat( forWhat )
+    {}
+
+    void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+        // (see: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+
+        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
+            uchar c = m_str[idx];
+            switch (c) {
+            case '<':   os << "&lt;"; break;
+            case '&':   os << "&amp;"; break;
+
+            case '>':
+                // See: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
+                    os << "&gt;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            case '\"':
+                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
+                    os << "&quot;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
+
+                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
+                // see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
+                if (c < 0x7F) {
+                    os << c;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // UTF-8 territory
+                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
+                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
+                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
+                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
+                // Or as 10XX XXXX
+                if (c <  0xC0 ||
+                    c >= 0xF8) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
+                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
+                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // The header is valid, check data
+                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
+                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
+                bool valid = true;
+                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
+                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    uchar nc = m_str[idx + n];
+                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
+                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
+                }
+
+                if (
+                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
+                    (!valid) ||
+                    // Overlong encodings
+                    (value < 0x80) ||
+                    (                 value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) || // removed "0x80 <= value &&" because redundant
+                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
+                    // Encoded value out of range
+                    (value >= 0x110000)
+                    ) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
+                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    os << m_str[idx + n];
+                }
+                idx += encBytes - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode ) {
+        xmlEncode.encodeTo( os );
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer )
+    :   m_writer( writer )
+    {}
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ){
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+    }
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+        if ( m_writer ) {
+            m_writer->endElement();
+        }
+        m_writer = other.m_writer;
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+        if( m_writer )
+            m_writer->endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        m_writer->writeText( text, indent );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::XmlWriter( std::ostream& os ) : m_os( os )
+    {
+        writeDeclaration();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+        while( !m_tags.empty() )
+            endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_os << m_indent << '<' << name;
+        m_tags.push_back( name );
+        m_indent += "  ";
+        m_tagIsOpen = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ScopedElement scoped( this );
+        startElement( name );
+        return scoped;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement() {
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_indent = m_indent.substr( 0, m_indent.size()-2 );
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << "/>";
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_os << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
+        }
+        m_os << std::endl;
+        m_tags.pop_back();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && attribute && attribute[0] != '\0' )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute ) {
+        m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << ( attribute ? "true" : "false" ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        if( !text.empty() ){
+            bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+            ensureTagClosed();
+            if( tagWasOpen && indent )
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            m_os << XmlEncode( text );
+            m_needsNewline = true;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( std::string const& text ) {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
+    //    m_needsNewline = true;
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    //void XmlWriter::writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url ) {
+    //    m_os << "<?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\"" << url << "\"?>\n";
+    //}
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeBlankLine() {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << '\n';
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << ">" << std::endl;
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+        m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::newlineIfNecessary() {
+        if( m_needsNewline ) {
+            m_os << std::endl;
+            m_needsNewline = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// End of copy-pasted code from Catch
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct XmlReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        XmlReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto              contexts = get_active_contexts();
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&ss);
+                    xml.scopedElement("Info").writeText(ss.str());
+                    ss.str("");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        void test_case_start_impl(const TestCaseData& in) {
+            bool open_ts_tag = false;
+            if(tc != nullptr) { // we have already opened a test suite
+                if(std::strcmp(tc->m_test_suite, in.m_test_suite) != 0) {
+                    xml.endElement();
+                    open_ts_tag = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                open_ts_tag = true; // first test case ==> first test suite
+            }
+
+            if(open_ts_tag) {
+                xml.startElement("TestSuite");
+                xml.writeAttribute("name", in.m_test_suite);
+            }
+
+            tc = &in;
+            xml.startElement("TestCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line))
+                    .writeAttribute("description", in.m_description);
+
+            if(Approx(in.m_timeout) != 0)
+                xml.writeAttribute("timeout", in.m_timeout);
+            if(in.m_may_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("may_fail", true);
+            if(in.m_should_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("should_fail", true);
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            test_run_start();
+            if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Listener")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+                for(auto& curr : getReporters())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Reporter")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestCase").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_name)
+                        .writeAttribute("testsuite", in.data[i]->m_test_suite)
+                        .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.data[i]->m_file.c_str()))
+                        .writeAttribute("line", line(in.data[i]->m_line));
+                }
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestSuite").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_test_suite);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestSuites")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestSuitesPassingFilters);
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+            xml.startElement("doctest").writeAttribute("binary", binary_name);
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            // only the consequential ones (TODO: filters)
+            xml.scopedElement("Options")
+                    .writeAttribute("order_by", opt.order_by.c_str())
+                    .writeAttribute("rand_seed", opt.rand_seed)
+                    .writeAttribute("first", opt.first)
+                    .writeAttribute("last", opt.last)
+                    .writeAttribute("abort_after", opt.abort_after)
+                    .writeAttribute("subcase_filter_levels", opt.subcase_filter_levels)
+                    .writeAttribute("case_sensitive", opt.case_sensitive)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_throw", opt.no_throw)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_skip", opt.no_skip);
+        }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            if(tc) // the TestSuite tag - only if there has been at least 1 test case
+                xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes", p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numAssertsFailed);
+
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numTestCasesFailed);
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            test_case_start_impl(in);
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    st.numAssertsCurrentTest - st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest);
+            if(opt.duration)
+                xml.writeAttribute("duration", st.seconds);
+            if(tc->m_expected_failures)
+                xml.writeAttribute("expected_failures", tc->m_expected_failures);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Exception")
+                    .writeAttribute("crash", e.is_crash)
+                    .writeText(e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("SubCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line));
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override { xml.endElement(); }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Expression")
+                    .writeAttribute("success", !rb.m_failed)
+                    .writeAttribute("type", assertString(rb.m_at))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(rb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Original").writeText(rb.m_expr);
+
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Exception").writeText(rb.m_exception.c_str());
+
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedException").writeText(rb.m_exception_type);
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedExceptionString").writeText(rb.m_exception_string);
+            if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_normal) && !rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Expanded").writeText(rb.m_decomp.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Message")
+                    .writeAttribute("type", failureString(mb.m_severity))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(mb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(mb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Text").writeText(mb.m_string.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                test_case_start_impl(in);
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", "true");
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("xml", 0, XmlReporter);
+
+    void fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(std::ostream& s, const AssertData& rb) {
+        if((rb.m_at & (assertType::is_throws_as | assertType::is_throws_with)) ==
+            0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << " ) "
+                << Color::None;
+
+        if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "threw as expected!" : "did NOT throw at all!") << "\n";
+        } else if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) &&
+                    (rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\", " << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None;
+            if(rb.m_threw) {
+                if(!rb.m_failed) {
+                    s << "threw as expected!\n";
+                } else {
+                    s << "threw a DIFFERENT exception! (contents: " << rb.m_exception << ")\n";
+                }
+            } else {
+                s << "did NOT throw at all!\n";
+            }
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", "
+                << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (rb.m_threw_as ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\" ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (!rb.m_failed ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " : "didn't throw!") << Color::Cyan
+                << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else {
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " :
+                                (!rb.m_failed ? "is correct!\n" : "is NOT correct!\n"));
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                s << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+            else
+                s << "  values: " << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_decomp << " )\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO:
+    // - log_contexts()
+    // - log_message()
+    // - respond to queries
+    // - honor remaining options
+    // - more attributes in tags
+    struct JUnitReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        Timer timer;
+        std::vector<String> deepestSubcaseStackNames;
+
+        struct JUnitTestCaseData
+        {
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations") // gmtime
+            static std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+                // Beware, this is not reentrant because of backward compatibility issues
+                // Also, UTC only, again because of backward compatibility (%z is C++11)
+                time_t rawtime;
+                std::time(&rawtime);
+                auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+
+                std::tm* timeInfo;
+                timeInfo = std::gmtime(&rawtime);
+
+                char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+                const char* const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+                std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+                return std::string(timeStamp);
+            }
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+            struct JUnitTestMessage
+            {
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _type, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(_type), details(_details) {}
+
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(), details(_details) {}
+
+                std::string message, type, details;
+            };
+
+            struct JUnitTestCase
+            {
+                JUnitTestCase(const std::string& _classname, const std::string& _name)
+                    : classname(_classname), name(_name), time(0), failures() {}
+
+                std::string classname, name;
+                double time;
+                std::vector<JUnitTestMessage> failures, errors;
+            };
+
+            void add(const std::string& classname, const std::string& name) {
+                testcases.emplace_back(classname, name);
+            }
+
+            void appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(std::vector<String> nameStack) {
+                for(auto& curr: nameStack)
+                    if(curr.size())
+                        testcases.back().name += std::string("/") + curr.c_str();
+            }
+
+            void addTime(double time) {
+                if(time < 1e-4)
+                    time = 0;
+                testcases.back().time = time;
+                totalSeconds += time;
+            }
+
+            void addFailure(const std::string& message, const std::string& type, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().failures.emplace_back(message, type, details);
+                ++totalFailures;
+            }
+
+            void addError(const std::string& message, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().errors.emplace_back(message, details);
+                ++totalErrors;
+            }
+
+            std::vector<JUnitTestCase> testcases;
+            double totalSeconds = 0;
+            int totalErrors = 0, totalFailures = 0;
+        };
+
+        JUnitTestCaseData testCaseData;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        JUnitReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData&) override {}
+
+        void test_run_start() override {}
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            xml.startElement("testsuites");
+            xml.startElement("testsuite").writeAttribute("name", binary_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("errors", testCaseData.totalErrors)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", testCaseData.totalFailures)
+                    .writeAttribute("tests", p.numAsserts);
+            if(opt.no_time_in_output == false) {
+                xml.writeAttribute("time", testCaseData.totalSeconds);
+                xml.writeAttribute("timestamp", JUnitTestCaseData::getCurrentTimestamp());
+            }
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("doctest_version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            for(const auto& testCase : testCaseData.testcases) {
+                xml.startElement("testcase")
+                    .writeAttribute("classname", testCase.classname)
+                    .writeAttribute("name", testCase.name);
+                if(opt.no_time_in_output == false)
+                    xml.writeAttribute("time", testCase.time);
+                // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's junit output.
+                xml.writeAttribute("status", "run");
+
+                for(const auto& failure : testCase.failures) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("failure")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", failure.message)
+                        .writeAttribute("type", failure.type)
+                        .writeText(failure.details, false);
+                }
+
+                for(const auto& error : testCase.errors) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("error")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", error.message)
+                        .writeText(error.details);
+                }
+
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+            timer.start();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+
+            timer.start();
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            testCaseData.addError("exception", e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.push_back(in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {}
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed) // report only failures & ignore the `success` option
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+              << line(rb.m_line) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << std::endl;
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(os, rb);
+            testCaseData.addFailure(rb.m_decomp.c_str(), assertString(rb.m_at), os.str());
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("junit", 0, JUnitReporter);
+
+    struct Whitespace
+    {
+        int nrSpaces;
+        explicit Whitespace(int nr)
+                : nrSpaces(nr) {}
+    };
+
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Whitespace& ws) {
+        if(ws.nrSpaces != 0)
+            out << std::setw(ws.nrSpaces) << ' ';
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    struct ConsoleReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        std::ostream&                 s;
+        bool                          hasLoggedCurrentTestStart;
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature> subcasesStack;
+        size_t                        currentSubcaseLevel;
+        std::mutex                    mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc;
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : s(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co, std::ostream& ostr)
+                : s(ostr)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE HELPERS USED BY THE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void separator_to_stream() {
+            s << Color::Yellow
+              << "==============================================================================="
+                 "\n";
+        }
+
+        const char* getSuccessOrFailString(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                           const char* success_str) {
+            if(success)
+                return success_str;
+            return failureString(at);
+        }
+
+        Color::Enum getSuccessOrFailColor(bool success, assertType::Enum at) {
+            return success ? Color::BrightGreen :
+                             (at & assertType::is_warn) ? Color::Yellow : Color::Red;
+        }
+
+        void successOrFailColoredStringToStream(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                                const char* success_str = "SUCCESS") {
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(success, at)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(success, at, success_str) << ": ";
+        }
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto contexts = get_active_contexts();
+
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    s << (i == 0 ? "" : "          ");
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&s);
+                    s << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+        }
+
+        // this was requested to be made virtual so users could override it
+        virtual void file_line_to_stream(const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* tail = "") {
+            s << Color::LightGrey << skipPathFromFilename(file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+            << (opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : line) // 0 or the real num depending on the option
+            << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << tail;
+        }
+
+        void logTestStart() {
+            if(hasLoggedCurrentTestStart)
+                return;
+
+            separator_to_stream();
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, "\n");
+            if(tc->m_description)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "DESCRIPTION: " << Color::None << tc->m_description << "\n";
+            if(tc->m_test_suite && tc->m_test_suite[0] != '\0')
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST SUITE: " << Color::None << tc->m_test_suite << "\n";
+            if(strncmp(tc->m_name, "  Scenario:", 11) != 0)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST CASE:  ";
+            s << Color::None << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < currentSubcaseLevel; ++i) {
+                if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                    s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+            }
+
+            if(currentSubcaseLevel != subcasesStack.size()) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "\nDEEPEST SUBCASE STACK REACHED (DIFFERENT FROM THE CURRENT ONE):\n" << Color::None;
+                for(size_t i = 0; i < subcasesStack.size(); ++i) {
+                    if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                        s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = true;
+        }
+
+        void printVersion() {
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "doctest version is \""
+                  << DOCTEST_VERSION_STR << "\"\n";
+        }
+
+        void printIntro() {
+            printVersion();
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "run with \"--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help\" for options\n";
+        }
+
+        void printHelp() {
+            int sizePrefixDisplay = static_cast<int>(strlen(DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY));
+            printVersion();
+            // clang-format off
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "boolean values: \"1/on/yes/true\" or \"0/off/no/false\"\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filter  values: \"str1,str2,str3\" (comma separated strings)\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filters use wildcards for matching strings\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "something passes a filter if any of the strings in a filter matches\n";
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "ALL FLAGS, OPTIONS AND FILTERS ALSO AVAILABLE WITH A \"" DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "\" PREFIX!!!\n";
+#endif
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Query flags - the program quits after them. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "?,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help, -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "h                      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*0) <<  "prints this message\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "v,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "version                       "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the version\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "c,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "count                         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the number of matching tests\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ltc, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-cases               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching tests by name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lts, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-suites              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching test suites\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-reporters                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all registered reporters\n\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "The available <int>/<string> options/filters are:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case-exclude=<filters>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sf,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file=<filters>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sfe, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file-exclude=<filters> "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ts,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite=<filters>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tse, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite-exclude=<filters>  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase=<filters>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-exclude=<filters>     "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "r,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "reporters=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "reporters to use (console is default)\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "o,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "out=<string>                  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "output filename\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ob,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "order-by=<string>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "how the tests should be ordered\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       <string> - by [file/suite/name/rand]\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rand-seed=<int>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "seed for random ordering\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "f,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "first=<int>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the first test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "l,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "last=<int>                    "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the last test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "aa,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "abort-after=<int>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "stop after <int> failed assertions\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "scfl,--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-filter-levels=<int>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "apply filters for the first <int> levels\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Bool options - can be used like flags and true is assumed. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "s,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "success=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "include successful assertions in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "cs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "case-sensitive=<bool>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters being treated as case sensitive\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "e,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "exit=<bool>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "exits after the tests finish\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "d,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "duration=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the time duration of each test\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nt,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-throw=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips exceptions-related assert checks\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ne,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-exitcode=<bool>            "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "returns (or exits) always with success\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-run=<bool>                 "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips all runtime doctest operations\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nv,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-version=<bool>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "omit the framework version in the output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-colors=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables colors in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "fc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "force-colors=<bool>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "use colors even when not in a tty\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nb,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-breaks=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables breakpoints in debuggers\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ns,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-skip=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "don't skip test cases marked as skip\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gfl, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gnu-file-line=<bool>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << ":n: vs (n): for line numbers in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "npf, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-path-filenames=<bool>      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "only filenames and no paths in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nln, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-line-numbers=<bool>        "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "0 instead of real line numbers in output\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            // clang-format on
+
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "for more information visit the project documentation\n\n";
+        }
+
+        void printRegisteredReporters() {
+            printVersion();
+            auto printReporters = [this] (const reporterMap& reporters, const char* type) {
+                if(reporters.size()) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all registered " << type << "\n";
+                    for(auto& curr : reporters)
+                        s << "priority: " << std::setw(5) << curr.first.first
+                          << " name: " << curr.first.second << "\n";
+                }
+            };
+            printReporters(getListeners(), "listeners");
+            printReporters(getReporters(), "reporters");
+        }
+
+        void list_query_results() {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            if(opt.version) {
+                printVersion();
+            } else if(opt.help) {
+                printHelp();
+            } else if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                printRegisteredReporters();
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                if(opt.list_test_cases) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                      << "listing all test case names\n";
+                    separator_to_stream();
+                }
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_name << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all test suites\n";
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_test_suite << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override { printIntro(); }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            s << std::dec;
+
+            const bool anythingFailed = p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 || p.numAssertsFailed > 0;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "test cases: " << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters << " | "
+              << ((p.numTestCasesPassingFilters == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None :
+                                                                          Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(6) << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed << " passed"
+              << Color::None << " | " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None)
+              << std::setw(6) << p.numTestCasesFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " | ";
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                const int numSkipped = p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+                s << (numSkipped == 0 ? Color::None : Color::Yellow) << std::setw(6) << numSkipped
+                  << " skipped" << Color::None;
+            }
+            s << "\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "assertions: " << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numAsserts << " | "
+              << ((p.numAsserts == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None : Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(6) << (p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed) << " passed" << Color::None
+              << " | " << (p.numAssertsFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None) << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numAssertsFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " |\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "Status: " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::Green)
+              << ((p.numTestCasesFailed > 0) ? "FAILURE!" : "SUCCESS!") << Color::None << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+            tc                        = &in;
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+            currentSubcaseLevel = 0;
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            // log the preamble of the test case only if there is something
+            // else to print - something other than that an assert has failed
+            if(opt.duration ||
+               (st.failure_flags && st.failure_flags != TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure))
+                logTestStart();
+
+            if(opt.duration)
+                s << Color::None << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed << st.seconds
+                  << " s: " << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout)
+                s << Color::Red << "Test case exceeded time limit of " << std::setprecision(6)
+                  << std::fixed << tc->m_timeout << "!\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Should have failed but didn't! Marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed as expected so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Allowed to fail so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Didn't fail exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times so marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times as expected so marking it as not failed!\n";
+            }
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Aborting - too many failed asserts!\n";
+            }
+            s << Color::None; // lgtm [cpp/useless-expression]
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(false, e.is_crash ? assertType::is_require :
+                                                                   assertType::is_check);
+            s << Color::Red << (e.is_crash ? "test case CRASHED: " : "test case THREW exception: ")
+              << Color::Cyan << e.error_string << "\n";
+
+            int num_stringified_contexts = get_num_stringified_contexts();
+            if(num_stringified_contexts) {
+                auto stringified_contexts = get_stringified_contexts();
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = num_stringified_contexts; i > 0; --i) {
+                    s << (i == num_stringified_contexts ? "" : "          ")
+                      << stringified_contexts[i - 1] << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+            s << "\n" << Color::None;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& subc) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            subcasesStack.push_back(subc);
+            ++currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            --currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(rb.m_file, rb.m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(!rb.m_failed, rb.m_at);
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(s, rb);
+
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(mb.m_file, mb.m_line, " ");
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(false, mb.m_severity)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(mb.m_severity & assertType::is_warn, mb.m_severity,
+                                        "MESSAGE") << ": ";
+            s << Color::None << mb.m_string << "\n";
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("console", 0, ConsoleReporter);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    struct DebugOutputWindowReporter : public ConsoleReporter
+    {
+        DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL static std::ostringstream oss;
+
+        DebugOutputWindowReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : ConsoleReporter(co, oss) {}
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(func, type, arg)                                    \
+    void func(type arg) override {                                                                 \
+        bool with_col = g_no_colors;                                                               \
+        g_no_colors   = false;                                                                     \
+        ConsoleReporter::func(arg);                                                                \
+        DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(oss.str().c_str());                                            \
+        oss.str("");                                                                               \
+        g_no_colors = with_col;                                                                    \
+    }
+
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_end, const TestRunStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_start, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_reenter, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_end, const CurrentTestCaseStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_exception, const TestCaseException&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_start, const SubcaseSignature&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_assert, const AssertData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_message, const MessageData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_skipped, const TestCaseData&, in)
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream DebugOutputWindowReporter::oss;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // the implementation of parseOption()
+    bool parseOptionImpl(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value) {
+        // going from the end to the beginning and stopping on the first occurrence from the end
+        for(int i = argc; i > 0; --i) {
+            auto index = i - 1;
+            auto temp = std::strstr(argv[index], pattern);
+            if(temp && (value || strlen(temp) == strlen(pattern))) { //!OCLINT prefer early exits and continue
+                // eliminate matches in which the chars before the option are not '-'
+                bool noBadCharsFound = true;
+                auto curr            = argv[index];
+                while(curr != temp) {
+                    if(*curr++ != '-') {
+                        noBadCharsFound = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if(noBadCharsFound && argv[index][0] == '-') {
+                    if(value) {
+                        // parsing the value of an option
+                        temp += strlen(pattern);
+                        const unsigned len = strlen(temp);
+                        if(len) {
+                            *value = temp;
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // just a flag - no value
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // parses an option and returns the string after the '=' character
+    bool parseOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value = nullptr,
+                     const String& defaultVal = String()) {
+        if(value)
+            *value = defaultVal;
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        // offset (normally 3 for "dt-") to skip prefix
+        if(parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern + strlen(DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX), value))
+            return true;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        return parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern, value);
+    }
+
+    // locates a flag on the command line
+    bool parseFlag(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern) {
+        return parseOption(argc, argv, pattern);
+    }
+
+    // parses a comma separated list of words after a pattern in one of the arguments in argv
+    bool parseCommaSepArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern,
+                           std::vector<String>& res) {
+        String filtersString;
+        if(parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &filtersString)) {
+            // tokenize with "," as a separator
+            // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+            auto pch = std::strtok(filtersString.c_str(), ","); // modifies the string
+            while(pch != nullptr) {
+                if(strlen(pch))
+                    res.push_back(pch);
+                // uses the strtok() internal state to go to the next token
+                // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+                pch = std::strtok(nullptr, ",");
+            }
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    enum optionType
+    {
+        option_bool,
+        option_int
+    };
+
+    // parses an int/bool option from the command line
+    bool parseIntOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, optionType type,
+                        int& res) {
+        String parsedValue;
+        if(!parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &parsedValue))
+            return false;
+
+        if(type == 0) {
+            // boolean
+            const char positive[][5] = {"1", "true", "on", "yes"};  // 5 - strlen("true") + 1
+            const char negative[][6] = {"0", "false", "off", "no"}; // 6 - strlen("false") + 1
+
+            // if the value matches any of the positive/negative possibilities
+            for(unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                if(parsedValue.compare(positive[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 1; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if(parsedValue.compare(negative[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 0; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // integer
+            // TODO: change this to use std::stoi or something else! currently it uses undefined behavior - assumes '0' on failed parse...
+            int theInt = std::atoi(parsedValue.c_str()); // NOLINT
+            if(theInt != 0) {
+                res = theInt; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+Context::Context(int argc, const char* const* argv)
+        : p(new detail::ContextState) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv, true);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+Context::~Context() {
+    if(g_cs == p)
+        g_cs = nullptr;
+    delete p;
+}
+
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+// parses args
+void Context::parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults) {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file=",        p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sf=",                 p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file-exclude=",p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sfe=",                p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite=",         p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ts=",                 p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite-exclude=", p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tse=",                p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case=",          p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tc=",                 p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case-exclude=",  p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tce=",                p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase=",            p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sc=",                 p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase-exclude=",    p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sce=",                p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "reporters=",          p->filters[8]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "r=",                  p->filters[8]);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    int    intRes = 0;
+    String strRes;
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG(name, sname, var, default)                                   \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_bool, intRes) ||  \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_bool, intRes))   \
+        p->var = !!intRes;                                                                         \
+    else if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name) ||                           \
+            parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname))                            \
+        p->var = true;                                                                             \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_int, intRes) ||   \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_int, intRes))    \
+        p->var = intRes;                                                                           \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", &strRes, default) ||        \
+       parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", &strRes, default) ||       \
+       withDefaults)                                                                               \
+    p->var = strRes
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("out", "o", out, "");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("order-by", "ob", order_by, "file");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("rand-seed", "rs", rand_seed, 0);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("first", "f", first, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("last", "l", last, UINT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("abort-after", "aa", abort_after, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("subcase-filter-levels", "scfl", subcase_filter_levels, INT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("success", "s", success, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("case-sensitive", "cs", case_sensitive, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("exit", "e", exit, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("duration", "d", duration, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-throw", "nt", no_throw, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-exitcode", "ne", no_exitcode, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-run", "nr", no_run, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-version", "nv", no_version, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-colors", "nc", no_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("force-colors", "fc", force_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-breaks", "nb", no_breaks, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skip", "ns", no_skip, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("gnu-file-line", "gfl", gnu_file_line, !bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-path-filenames", "npf", no_path_in_filenames, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-line-numbers", "nln", no_line_numbers, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skipped-summary", "nss", no_skipped_summary, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-time-in-output", "ntio", no_time_in_output, false);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    if(withDefaults) {
+        p->help             = false;
+        p->version          = false;
+        p->count            = false;
+        p->list_test_cases  = false;
+        p->list_test_suites = false;
+        p->list_reporters   = false;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "help") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "h") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "?")) {
+        p->help = true;
+        p->exit = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "version") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "v")) {
+        p->version = true;
+        p->exit    = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "count") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "c")) {
+        p->count = true;
+        p->exit  = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-cases") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ltc")) {
+        p->list_test_cases = true;
+        p->exit            = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-suites") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lts")) {
+        p->list_test_suites = true;
+        p->exit             = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-reporters") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lr")) {
+        p->list_reporters = true;
+        p->exit           = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// allows the user to add procedurally to the filters from the command line
+void Context::addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value) { setOption(filter, value); }
+
+// allows the user to clear all filters from the command line
+void Context::clearFilters() {
+    for(auto& curr : p->filters)
+        curr.clear();
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the int/bool options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, int value) {
+    setOption(option, toString(value).c_str());
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the string options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, const char* value) {
+    auto argv   = String("-") + option + "=" + value;
+    auto lvalue = argv.c_str();
+    parseArgs(1, &lvalue);
+}
+
+// users should query this in their main() and exit the program if true
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return p->exit; }
+
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() { g_cs = p; }
+
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah) { p->ah = ah; }
+
+// the main function that does all the filtering and test running
+int Context::run() {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // save the old context state in case such was setup - for using asserts out of a testing context
+    auto old_cs = g_cs;
+    // this is the current contest
+    g_cs               = p;
+    is_running_in_test = true;
+
+    g_no_colors = p->no_colors;
+    p->resetRunData();
+
+    // stdout by default
+    p->cout = &std::cout;
+    p->cerr = &std::cerr;
+
+    // or to a file if specified
+    std::fstream fstr;
+    if(p->out.size()) {
+        fstr.open(p->out.c_str(), std::fstream::out);
+        p->cout = &fstr;
+    }
+
+    auto cleanup_and_return = [&]() {
+        if(fstr.is_open())
+            fstr.close();
+
+        // restore context
+        g_cs               = old_cs;
+        is_running_in_test = false;
+
+        // we have to free the reporters which were allocated when the run started
+        for(auto& curr : p->reporters_currently_used)
+            delete curr;
+        p->reporters_currently_used.clear();
+
+        if(p->numTestCasesFailed && !p->no_exitcode)
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    };
+
+    // setup default reporter if none is given through the command line
+    if(p->filters[8].empty())
+        p->filters[8].push_back("console");
+
+    // check to see if any of the registered reporters has been selected
+    for(auto& curr : getReporters()) {
+        if(matchesAny(curr.first.second.c_str(), p->filters[8], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(curr.second(*g_cs));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: check if there is nothing in reporters_currently_used
+
+    // prepend all listeners
+    for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.insert(p->reporters_currently_used.begin(), curr.second(*g_cs));
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    if(isDebuggerActive())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(new DebugOutputWindowReporter(*g_cs));
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // handle version, help and no_run
+    if(p->no_run || p->version || p->help || p->list_reporters) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, QueryData());
+
+        return cleanup_and_return();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<const TestCase*> testArray;
+    for(auto& curr : getRegisteredTests())
+        testArray.push_back(&curr);
+    p->numTestCases = testArray.size();
+
+    // sort the collected records
+    if(!testArray.empty()) {
+        if(p->order_by.compare("file", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), fileOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("suite", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), suiteOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("name", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), nameOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("rand", true) == 0) {
+            std::srand(p->rand_seed);
+
+            // random_shuffle implementation
+            const auto first = &testArray[0];
+            for(size_t i = testArray.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+                int idxToSwap = std::rand() % (i + 1); // NOLINT
+
+                const auto temp = first[i];
+
+                first[i]         = first[idxToSwap];
+                first[idxToSwap] = temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::set<String> testSuitesPassingFilt;
+
+    bool                             query_mode = p->count || p->list_test_cases || p->list_test_suites;
+    std::vector<const TestCaseData*> queryResults;
+
+    if(!query_mode)
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+
+    // invoke the registered functions if they match the filter criteria (or just count them)
+    for(auto& curr : testArray) {
+        const auto& tc = *curr;
+
+        bool skip_me = false;
+        if(tc.m_skip && !p->no_skip)
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[0], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[1], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[2], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[3], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[4], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[5], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!skip_me)
+            p->numTestCasesPassingFilters++;
+
+        // skip the test if it is not in the execution range
+        if((p->last < p->numTestCasesPassingFilters && p->first <= p->last) ||
+           (p->first > p->numTestCasesPassingFilters))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(skip_me) {
+            if(!query_mode)
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_skipped, tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // do not execute the test if we are to only count the number of filter passing tests
+        if(p->count)
+            continue;
+
+        // print the name of the test and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_cases) {
+            queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // print the name of the test suite if not done already and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_suites) {
+            if((testSuitesPassingFilt.count(tc.m_test_suite) == 0) && tc.m_test_suite[0] != '\0') {
+                queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+                testSuitesPassingFilt.insert(tc.m_test_suite);
+                p->numTestSuitesPassingFilters++;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // execute the test if it passes all the filtering
+        {
+            p->currentTest = &tc;
+
+            p->failure_flags = TestCaseFailureReason::None;
+            p->seconds       = 0;
+
+            // reset atomic counters
+            p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic = 0;
+            p->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic       = 0;
+
+            p->subcasesPassed.clear();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_start, tc);
+
+            p->timer.start();
+            
+            bool run_test = true;
+
+            do {
+                // reset some of the fields for subcases (except for the set of fully passed ones)
+                p->should_reenter          = false;
+                p->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = 0;
+                p->subcasesStack.clear();
+
+                p->shouldLogCurrentException = true;
+
+                // reset stuff for logging with INFO()
+                p->stringifiedContexts.clear();
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                try {
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                    FatalConditionHandler fatalConditionHandler; // Handle signals
+                    // execute the test
+                    tc.m_test();
+                    fatalConditionHandler.reset();
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                } catch(const TestFailureException&) {
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+                } catch(...) {
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception,
+                                                      {translateActiveException(), false});
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Exception;
+                }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+                // exit this loop if enough assertions have failed - even if there are more subcases
+                if(p->abort_after > 0 &&
+                   p->numAssertsFailed + p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic >= p->abort_after) {
+                    run_test = false;
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts;
+                }
+                
+                if(p->should_reenter && run_test)
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_reenter, tc);
+                if(!p->should_reenter)
+                    run_test = false;
+            } while(run_test);
+
+            p->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+            p->currentTest = nullptr;
+
+            // stop executing tests if enough assertions have failed
+            if(p->abort_after > 0 && p->numAssertsFailed >= p->abort_after)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!query_mode) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    } else {
+        QueryData qdata;
+        qdata.run_stats = g_cs;
+        qdata.data      = queryResults.data();
+        qdata.num_data  = unsigned(queryResults.size());
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, qdata);
+    }
+
+    // see these issues on the reasoning for this:
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/143#issuecomment-414418903
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/126
+    auto DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS = []() DOCTEST_NOINLINE
+        { std::cout << std::string(); };
+    DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS();
+
+    return cleanup_and_return();
+}
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return detail::g_infoContexts.size(); }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() {
+    return get_num_active_contexts() ? &detail::g_infoContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+int IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts.size(); }
+const String* IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() {
+    return get_num_stringified_contexts() ? &detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+    void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int priority, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter) {
+        if(isReporter)
+            getReporters().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+        else
+            getListeners().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4007) // 'function' : must be 'attribute' - see issue #182
+int main(int argc, char** argv) { return doctest::Context(argc, argv).run(); }
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
diff --git a/test/makefile b/test/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbe159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+CXX=clang++
+CXXFLAGS=-Wall -Wextra -std=c++17 -lstdc++fs
+TESTS=test_parser test_converter test_extractions
+
+all: $(TESTS)
+
+# pattern rule, replacing built-in implicit .cpp-suffix rule
+%: %.cpp
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+debug: CXXFLAGS += -g
+debug: all
+
+clean:
+	@$(RM) -fv $(TESTS)
+	@$(RM) *.csv
+
+test: 
+	@for i in $(TESTS); do \
+		./$$i; \
+	done
+
+# don't use any implicit rules
+.SUFFIXES:
+# these rules won't actually build the targets they're named after
+.PHONY: all clean run debug
diff --git a/test/test_converter.cpp b/test/test_converter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e5fa6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_converter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+#include "../include/ss/converter.hpp"
+#include "doctest.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+TEST_CASE("testing split") {
+        ss::converter c;
+        for (const auto& [s, expected, delim] :
+             // clang-format off
+                {std::tuple{"a,b,c,d", std::vector{"a", "b", "c", "d"}, ","},
+                {"", {}, " "},
+                {"a,b,c", {"a", "b", "c"}, ""},
+                {" x x x x | x ", {" x x x x ", " x "}, "|"},
+                {"a::b::c::d", {"a", "b", "c", "d"}, "::"},
+                {"x\t-\ty", {"x", "y"}, "\t-\t"},
+                {"x", {"x"}, ","}} // clang-format on
+        ) {
+                auto split = c.split(s, delim);
+                CHECK(split.size() == expected.size());
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < split.size(); ++i) {
+                        auto s = std::string(split[i].first, split[i].second);
+                        CHECK(s == expected[i]);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing valid conversions") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<int>("5");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 5);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<int, void>("5,junk");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 5);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<void, int>("junk,5");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 5);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<int, void, void>("5\njunk\njunk", "\n");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 5);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<void, int, void>("junk 5 junk", " ");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 5);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<void, void, int>("junk\tjunk\t5", "\t");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 5);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<int, double, void>("5,6.6,junk");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{5, 6.6});
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<int, void, double>("5,junk,6.6");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{5, 6.6});
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<void, int, double>("junk;5;6.6", ";");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{5, 6.6});
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing invalid conversions") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        c.convert<int>("");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<int, void>("");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<int, void>(",junk");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<void, int>("junk,");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<int>("x");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<int, void>("x");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<int, void>("x,junk");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<void, int>("junk,x");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing ss:ax restriction (all except)") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        c.convert<ss::ax<int, 0>>("0");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::ax<int, 0, 1, 2>>("1");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<void, char, ss::ax<int, 0, 1, 2>>("junk,c,1");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::ax<int, 1>, char>("1,c");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+        {
+                int tup = c.convert<ss::ax<int, 1>>("3");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 3);
+        }
+        {
+                std::tuple<char, int> tup =
+                    c.convert<char, ss::ax<int, 1>>("c,3");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{'c', 3});
+        }
+        {
+                std::tuple<int, char> tup =
+                    c.convert<ss::ax<int, 1>, char>("3,c");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{3, 'c'});
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing ss:nx restriction (none except)") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        c.convert<ss::nx<int, 1>>("3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<char, ss::nx<int, 1, 2, 69>>("c,3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::nx<int, 1>, char>("3,c");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::nx<int, 3>>("3");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 3);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::nx<int, 0, 1, 2>>("2");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 2);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup =
+                    c.convert<char, void, ss::nx<int, 0, 1, 2>>("c,junk,1");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{'c', 1});
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::nx<int, 1>, char>("1,c");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{1, 'c'});
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing ss:ir restriction (in range)") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        c.convert<ss::ir<int, 0, 2>>("3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<char, ss::ir<int, 4, 69>>("c,3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::ir<int, 1, 2>, char>("3,c");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::ir<int, 1, 5>>("3");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 3);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::ir<int, 0, 2>>("2");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 2);
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<char, void, ss::ir<int, 0, 1>>("c,junk,1");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{'c', 1});
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::ir<int, 1, 20>, char>("1,c");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{1, 'c'});
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing ss:oor restriction (out of range)") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        c.convert<ss::oor<int, 1, 5>>("3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::oor<int, 0, 2>>("2");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<char, ss::oor<int, 0, 1>, void>("c,1,junk");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::oor<int, 1, 20>, char>("1,c");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::oor<int, 0, 2>>("3");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == 3);
+        }
+
+        {
+                auto tup =
+                    c.convert<char, void, ss::oor<int, 4, 69>>("c,junk,3");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{'c', 3});
+        }
+
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::oor<int, 1, 2>, char>("3,c");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{3, 'c'});
+        }
+}
+
+const std::vector<int> extracted_vector = {1, 2, 3};
+
+// custom extract
+template <>
+inline bool ss::extract(const char* begin, const char* end,
+                        std::vector<int>& value) {
+        if (begin == end) {
+                return false;
+        }
+        value = extracted_vector;
+        return true;
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing ss:ne restriction (not empty)") {
+        ss::converter c;
+
+        c.convert<ss::ne<std::string>>("");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<int, ss::ne<std::string>>("3,");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::ne<std::string>, int>(",3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<void, ss::ne<std::string>, int>("junk,,3");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        c.convert<ss::ne<std::vector<int>>>("");
+        REQUIRE(!c.valid());
+
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::ne<std::string>>("s");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == "s");
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<int, ss::ne<std::string>>("1,s");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == std::tuple{1, "s"});
+        }
+        {
+                auto tup = c.convert<ss::ne<std::vector<int>>>("{1 2 3}");
+                REQUIRE(c.valid());
+                CHECK(tup == extracted_vector);
+        }
+}
diff --git a/test/test_extractions.cpp b/test/test_extractions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..718bf97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_extractions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+#include "../include/ss/extract.hpp"
+#include "doctest.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+constexpr auto eps = 0.000001;
+using ld = long double;
+
+#define CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(input, type)                                 \
+        {                                                                      \
+                std::string s = #input;                                        \
+                auto t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());    \
+                REQUIRE(t.has_value());                                        \
+                CHECK(std::abs(t.value() - type(input)) < eps);                \
+        }                                                                      \
+        {                                                                      \
+                /* check negative too */                                       \
+                auto s = std::string("-") + #input;                            \
+                auto t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());    \
+                REQUIRE(t.has_value());                                        \
+                CHECK(std::abs(t.value() - type(-input)) < eps);               \
+        }
+
+TEST_CASE("testing extract functions for floating point values") {
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(123.456, float);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(123.456, double);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(123.456, ld);
+
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(69, float);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(69, double);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(69, ld);
+
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(420., float);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(420., double);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(420., ld);
+
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(0.123, float);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(0.123, double);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(0.123, ld);
+
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(123e4, float);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(123e4, double);
+        CHECK_FLOATING_CONVERSION(123e4, ld);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(input, type)                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+                std::string s = #input;                                        \
+                auto t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());    \
+                REQUIRE(t.has_value());                                        \
+                CHECK(t.value() == type(input));                               \
+        }                                                                      \
+        {                                                                      \
+                /* check negative too */                                       \
+                if (std::is_signed_v<type>) {                                  \
+                        auto s = std::string("-") + #input;                    \
+                        auto t =                                               \
+                            ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size()); \
+                        REQUIRE(t.has_value());                                \
+                        CHECK(t.value() == type(-input));                      \
+                }                                                              \
+        }
+
+using us = unsigned short;
+using ui = unsigned int;
+using ul = unsigned long;
+using ll = long long;
+using ull = unsigned long long;
+
+TEST_CASE("testing extract functions for decimal values") {
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, short);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, us);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, int);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, ui);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, long);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, ul);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234, ll);
+        CHECK_DECIMAL_CONVERSION(1234567891011, ull);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_INVALID_CONVERSION(input, type)                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+                std::string s = input;                                         \
+                auto t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());    \
+                CHECK(!t.has_value());                                         \
+        }
+
+TEST_CASE("testing extract functions for numbers with invalid inputs") {
+        // negative unsigned value
+        CHECK_INVALID_CONVERSION("-1234", ul);
+
+        // floating pint for int
+        CHECK_INVALID_CONVERSION("123.4", int);
+
+        // random input for float
+        CHECK_INVALID_CONVERSION("xxx1", float);
+
+        // random input for int
+        CHECK_INVALID_CONVERSION("xxx1", int);
+
+        // empty field for int
+        CHECK_INVALID_CONVERSION("", int);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(type)                                    \
+        {                                                                      \
+                std::string s =                                                \
+                    std::to_string(std::numeric_limits<type>::max());          \
+                auto t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());    \
+                CHECK(t.has_value());                                          \
+                for (auto& i : s) {                                            \
+                        if (i != '9' && i != '.') {                            \
+                                i = '9';                                       \
+                                break;                                         \
+                        }                                                      \
+                }                                                              \
+                t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());         \
+                CHECK(!t.has_value());                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+        {                                                                      \
+                std::string s =                                                \
+                    std::to_string(std::numeric_limits<type>::min());          \
+                auto t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());    \
+                CHECK(t.has_value());                                          \
+                for (auto& i : s) {                                            \
+                        if (std::is_signed_v<type> && i != '9' && i != '.') {  \
+                                i = '9';                                       \
+                                break;                                         \
+                        } else if (std::is_unsigned_v<type>) {                 \
+                                s = "-1";                                      \
+                                break;                                         \
+                        }                                                      \
+                }                                                              \
+                t = ss::to_num<type>(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());         \
+                CHECK(!t.has_value());                                         \
+        }
+
+TEST_CASE("testing extract functions for numbers with out of range inputs") {
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(short);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(us);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(int);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(ui);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(long);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(ul);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(ll);
+        CHECK_OUT_OF_RANGE_CONVERSION(ull);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing extract functions for boolean values") {
+        for (const auto& [b, s] : {std::pair<bool, std::string>{true, "1"},
+                                   {false, "0"},
+                                   {true, "true"},
+                                   {false, "false"}}) {
+                bool v;
+                REQUIRE(ss::extract(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size(), v));
+                CHECK(v == b);
+        }
+
+        for (const std::string& s : {"2", "tru", "truee", "xxx", ""}) {
+                bool v;
+                REQUIRE(!ss::extract(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size(), v));
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing extract functions for char values") {
+        for (const auto& [c, s] :
+             {std::pair<char, std::string>{'a', "a"}, {'x', "x"}, {' ', " "}}) {
+                char v;
+                REQUIRE(ss::extract(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size(), v));
+                CHECK(v == c);
+        }
+
+        for (const std::string& s : {"aa", "xxx", ""}) {
+                char v;
+                REQUIRE(!ss::extract(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size(), v));
+        }
+}
diff --git a/test/test_parser.cpp b/test/test_parser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7db772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_parser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+#include "../include/ss/parser.hpp"
+#include "doctest.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+struct unique_file_name {
+        const std::string name;
+
+        unique_file_name() : name{std::tmpnam(nullptr)} {
+        }
+
+        ~unique_file_name() {
+                std::filesystem::remove(name);
+        }
+};
+
+struct X {
+        constexpr static auto delim = ",";
+        int i;
+        double d;
+        std::string s;
+
+        std::string to_string() const {
+                return std::to_string(i)
+                    .append(delim)
+                    .append(std::to_string(d))
+                    .append(delim)
+                    .append(s);
+        }
+        auto tied() const {
+                return std::tie(i, d, s);
+        }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<ss::has_m_tied_t<T>, bool> operator==(const T& lhs,
+                                                       const T& rhs) {
+        return lhs.tied() == rhs.tied();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void make_and_write(const std::string& file_name,
+                           const std::vector<T>& data) {
+        std::ofstream out{file_name};
+        for (const auto& i : data) {
+                out << i.to_string() << std::endl;
+        }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("testing parser") {
+        unique_file_name f;
+        std::vector<X> data = {{1, 2, "x"}, {3, 4, "y"}, {5, 6, "z"}};
+        make_and_write(f.name, data);
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        auto a = p.get_next<int, double, std::string>();
+                        i.emplace_back(ss::to_struct<X>(a));
+                }
+
+                CHECK(std::equal(i.begin(), i.end(), data.begin()));
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                p.ignore_next();
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        auto a = p.get_next<int, double, std::string>();
+                        i.emplace_back(ss::to_struct<X>(a));
+                }
+
+                CHECK(std::equal(i.begin(), i.end(), data.begin() + 1));
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        i.push_back(
+                            p.get_struct<X, int, double, std::string>());
+                }
+
+                CHECK(std::equal(i.begin(), i.end(), data.begin()));
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        i.push_back(p.get_next<X>());
+                }
+
+                CHECK(std::equal(i.begin(), i.end(), data.begin()));
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        auto a = p.get_struct<X, ss::ax<int, 3>, double,
+                                              std::string>();
+                        if (p.valid()) {
+                                i.push_back(a);
+                        }
+                }
+                std::vector<X> expected = {{1, 2, "x"}, {5, 6, "z"}};
+                CHECK(std::equal(i.begin(), i.end(), expected.begin()));
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        auto a = p.get_struct<X, ss::nx<int, 3>, double,
+                                              std::string>();
+                        if (p.valid()) {
+                                i.push_back(a);
+                        }
+                }
+                std::vector<X> expected = {{3, 4, "y"}};
+                CHECK(std::equal(i.begin(), i.end(), expected.begin()));
+        }
+
+        {
+                unique_file_name empty_f;
+                std::vector<X> empty_data = {};
+                make_and_write(empty_f.name, empty_data);
+
+                ss::parser p{empty_f.name, ","};
+                std::vector<X> i;
+
+                while (!p.eof()) {
+                        i.push_back(p.get_next<X>());
+                }
+                CHECK(i.empty());
+        }
+}
+
+size_t move_called = 0;
+size_t copy_called = 0;
+
+struct my_string {
+        char* data{nullptr};
+
+        my_string() = default;
+
+        ~my_string() {
+                delete[] data;
+        }
+
+        my_string(const my_string&) {
+                copy_called++;
+        }
+
+        my_string(my_string&& other) : data{other.data} {
+                move_called++;
+                other.data = nullptr;
+        }
+};
+
+template <>
+inline bool ss::extract(const char* begin, const char* end, my_string& s) {
+        size_t size = end - begin;
+        s.data = new char[size + 1];
+        strncpy(s.data, begin, size);
+        s.data[size] = '\0';
+        return true;
+}
+
+struct Y {
+        my_string x;
+        my_string y;
+        my_string z;
+        auto tied() {
+                return std::tie(x, y, z);
+        }
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("testing the moving of parsed values") {
+        size_t move_called_one_col;
+
+        {
+                unique_file_name f;
+                std::ofstream out{f.name};
+                out << "x" << std::endl;
+
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                auto x = p.get_next<my_string>();
+                CHECK(copy_called == 0);
+                CHECK(move_called < 3);
+                move_called_one_col = move_called;
+                move_called = copy_called = 0;
+        }
+
+        unique_file_name f;
+        {
+                std::ofstream out{f.name};
+                out << "a,b,c" << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        {
+
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                auto x = p.get_next<my_string, my_string, my_string>();
+                CHECK(copy_called == 0);
+                CHECK(move_called == 3 * move_called_one_col);
+                move_called = copy_called = 0;
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                auto x = p.get_struct<Y, my_string, my_string, my_string>();
+                CHECK(copy_called == 0);
+                CHECK(move_called == 6 * move_called_one_col);
+                move_called = copy_called = 0;
+        }
+
+        {
+                ss::parser p{f.name, ","};
+                auto x = p.get_next<Y>();
+                CHECK(copy_called == 0);
+                CHECK(move_called == 6 * move_called_one_col);
+                move_called = copy_called = 0;
+        }
+}